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1、初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。1、一般现在时：l 用法:1)现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.2)现在的状态。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.3）客观真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语： often ，usu
2、ally ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning 等连用时。l 构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：一般情况s以s, x, ch, sh,o结尾es以辅音y结尾变y为ies主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数否定式:S+ dont/doesnt +V+其他疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does (否)No,S+do/does not 注意：have的
3、第三人称单数为has 主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.
4、Are you a student.Are you/ they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?l 当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：肯定式: S + be +否定式: S+ be +not + 疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ?简略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be. (否) No,S + be.2. 现在进行时l 用法： 1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如： She is having a bath now
5、. 2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如： You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast.3）频度副词always, forever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave
6、, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.5) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now ,look,listen等。l 构成：be+ v-ing v-ing现在分词的构成：一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.run-running, stop-stopping, 2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句 ： S+be +V-ing否定句：S+be+not + V
7、-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?e.g.主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are not doing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something
8、?3一般将来时l 用法： 1将要发生的动作。例如： I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2将要存在的状态。例如： This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3打算要做的事。 例如： Are you going to watch the film on television tonight? 3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrow next week in 2008 等。 l 构成： 1. 助动词will(shall)+v2. be +going to +v4一般过去时l 用
9、法：1 过去发生的动作。例如： The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 过去存在的状态。例如：They werent able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。l 构成：S+V-ed 用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母y结尾去y变ied重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾字母+ed2）一般过去时态
10、的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I was a student.We/You/ They were students.He/ She was a student.I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.Many people liked music.I was not a student.We/You/ They were not students.He/ She was not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music.Man
11、y people didnt like music.Were you a student.Were you/ they students?Was he/ she a student?Did you/ they like music?Did many people like music?5、过去进行时l 概念： 1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如： This time last year I was living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语： at four yeste
12、rday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。l 构成： was / were +v-ing1）Daddy promised me he _ me a computer A. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy 2）They said they _ do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going6、现在完成时l 概念：1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already
13、, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如: She has never read this novel.2)表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如： He has died for 3
14、years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注：现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等 have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了） have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了） 如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在) Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)l 构成： have / has + v-ing2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed 否定句：S+ have（has）+not(havent,hasnt)+V-ed 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 I /We/You/ They have been here before.He/
