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1、一词汇、短语1. take off1) （飞机）起飞Because of the heavy fog, the plane couldnt take off on time.2) 脱掉If this pair of shoes is not comfortable, I suggest you take off immediately.2. expert n./adj.n. be an expert at/on/in 在.方面是行家Mark is not only our headmaster, but also an expert in education.adj. be expert in
2、/at doing 在（做）.方面在行My friend Tom is expert in/at finding useful information.练It is said that the old man is expert_repairing all kinds of cars. (in/at)Some_(expert)think that language learning is much easier for children as their tongues.(-s)3. shoot-shot-shot vt./vi. shoot at 向.射击（强调过程，不一定射中）He sho
3、t at the bird with his gun but he didnt shoot it.Shoot.in the.射中.某个部位He was shot in the back.练They were shooting_a target. (at)A man was shot_the leg, lying on the ground. (in)4. get off 下（车，船）You mustnt get off until the bus has stopped.5. more than1) more than+数词 “超过，多于”Judging from his appearance
4、, the expert is more than 60.2) more than 强调作用，“十分，非常，简直，不仅仅”The little girl is more than shy and nervous, but just frightened.Being a good listener means much more than just listening with ears.The store is more than happy to deliver goods to your home.3) more than.can. more.than.can. +can/could从句表
5、否定How he manages to lives is more than I can tell.4) more than one+单数n 不止一个（谓语动词用单数形式）More than one person has seen it.练The beauty of the West Lake is_(我简直难以描述).(more than I can describe)_(不止一个学生)in our school was admitted to Beijing University this year.-Do you need any help, Lucy? (More than one s
6、tudent)-Yes, the job is_I could do myself. (more than)6. spend spend time/money on sth spend time/money (in) doing sthMore money should be spent on health care and education.I hate to spend time or money playing computer games.spend人+spend+时/钱+(in)doing on sthShe spent $100 buying a new skirt.pay人+p
7、ay+钱+for sthShe paid $100 for a new skirt.cost物+cost+sb+钱The new skirt cost her $100.takeIt takes sb+时+to do sthIt took her 3 hours to repair her bike.练The girl often_money on buying books which she likes very much. Last Sunday it_Her 10 minutes to go the bookstore to buy her favorite book. When she
8、 was going to _for the book, the salesman told her it only_half of the price because of the broken cover.(spends,took,pay,cost)According to a survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week_(watch)TV. (watching)7. abandon abandon doing sth abandon oneself to=be abandoned to 沉溺于，放纵We were forced to aban
9、don doing the research.Dont abandon yourself to pleasures.abandoned adj. 被丢弃的，被遗弃的Walking alone in the forest, he felt abandoned by the world.练Surprisingly, he abandoned_(study)Chinese literature at college.(-ing)They_(放纵于)drinking although they are divers, which is dangerous both to them and the pa
10、ssengers.(abandon themselves to=are abandoned to)8. supply v. n.1) n.储备，供应The nations fuel supplies will not last forever.2) v.供应，供给They were arrested for supplying drugs.The government decided to supply the homeless with houses.练As the worlds population continues to grow, the _s_of food becomes mor
11、e and more of a concern. (supply)9. refer to1) 指的是Which of them can refer to past or present actions?2) 提到，谈到Ill refer to this question at the meeting.3) 涉及到，关于These books refer to Asian problems.4) 参考，查阅When reading, the first thing to avoid is to refer to a dictionary too often.练What he_in his art
12、icle was unknown to general readers. (referred to涉及)The president spoke at the meeting for nearly an hour without_his notes.（referring to参考）10. train n. V.V. 教育，训练，培训train sb to do sth训练某人做某事They are trained regularly to observe discipline at any time.练I havent had any real training.2 语法1. （非谓语）过去分词
13、做定语 (ved做定语)-ing 主动，进行 起形容词（做定语）和副词（做状语）的作用-ed 被动，完成1) 及物动词过去分词做定语-被动、完成smoked fish moved students respected leader注:某些表人情绪的使令动词的过去分词往往已经称为一个形容词surprised people frightened children excited students tired 2) 不及物动词过去分词做定语-（无被动）完成a fallen tree an escaped prisoner returned students3) 过去分词可构成合成词做定语hand-m
14、ade goods widely-used languagehighly-developed industry half-finished products4) 过去分词或其短语做定语，相当于定语从句imported machines=machines that have been importeddeveloped countries=countries that have developedThat is something unheard of(=that was unheard of )in history.练Amy is attended throughout her school
15、days by a nurse_to guard her. (B)A. to appoint B.appointing C.appointed D.having appointedYou cannot accept an opinion_to you unless it is based on facts. (D)A. offering B.to offer C.having offered D.offered2. 一般过去时1） 过去发生的动作或状态。常见时间状语：recently, yesterday, during the day, last summer, .ago,for many years等Recently I had my first ride on
