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1、2018年寒假语法篇 一、感叹句 1. 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，2. 感叹句结构主要有以下几种： How+ 形容词或副词+主语+谓语 How + 形容词+ a +名词+主语+谓语 What + a/an+形容词+名词单数+ 主语+谓语 What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 主语+谓语 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语 What an interesting story it is! What fine weather it is! What beautiful flowers they are!
2、【说明】 在感叹句中，What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用 what a / an，如： What a heavy rain it is! What a great surprise it is! What a rich breakfast it is! 3. 感叹句的省略 常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。 What a naughty boy（he
3、is）! 4. 陈述句变感叹句：陈述句变为感叹句，可遵循“一断、二加、三换位、四改号”的原则。 一断：将原来的陈述句断成两部分，在谓语动词后断开。 二加：加适当的感叹词，断开的后半部分的中心词如果是名词，则要加what；如果是形容词或副词，则要加how。 如有very, too, quite 等词应去掉。 三换位：把改变后第一、二部分前后调整位置。注意句中有关单词的大小写。 四改号：把原来的句号改为感叹号。 He is a good student. - He is / a good student. - He is (what) a good student. - What a good s
4、tudent he is. - What a good student he is！ She works very hard. - She works / very hard. - She works (how) hard. - How hard she works. - How hard she works! 练一练：用what, what a/an, how填空： 4 1. _ nice skirt it is! 2. _ interesting the film is! 3. _ beautiful the park are! 4. _ delicious food it is! 5.
5、_ careless the man is! 6. _ wonderful ideas! 7. _ lovely the baby is! 8. _ cold weather it is! 9. _ clever boy (he is)! 10. _ interesting film this is! 11. Look! _fast the boy is running! 12. _cold day it was yesterday! 13. _heavy the box is! I cant carry it. 14. _interesting story he told us! 15. _
6、nice the mooncakes are! 16. _bad weather! 17. _clever children all of you are! 18. _important news that is! 19. _time flies! 20. _beautiful flowers you bought me! 把下列句子改为感叹句： 1. How lazy the boy is! 2. What an exciting movie it is! 3. What delicious apples they are! 4. How pure the water is! 5What a
7、 careful woman she is! 6They are running fast. 7Her sister is a very lovely girl. 选择题： 1. _ fine the weather is! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 2. _ food youve cooked! a. How a nice b. What a nice c. How nice d. What nice 3. _ great fun they had! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 4. _ heavy rain
8、it was! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 5. _ fun place to go Shanghai is! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 6. _ happy life the old live! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 7. _ nice fish they cooked! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 8. _ blue the sky is! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a 9. _ use
9、ful work you did! a. What b. How c. What a d. How a 10. _ time you had! a. What good b. How good c. What a good d. How a good time 11. _ exciting moment it is! a. What b. How c. What a d. What an 12. _ nice shoes! a. What b. How c. What a d. How a 13. _ she sings! a. How well b. How good c. What wel
10、l d. What good 14. _ fast the boys are running! a. What b. How c. What a d. How a 15. _ the school is! a. What big c. How big c. What a big d. How a big 二、宾语从句 1、概念：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 宾语从句中要用陈述句的语序。 2、宾语从句的连接词 1） 从属连词主要有：that；if；whether。 that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，that没有词汇意
11、义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，常省略；if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。 He told that he would go to the college the next year. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 2） 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,which，whoever，whatever, whichever等，在从句中可充当主语、宾语等。 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. I dont know whom you should depe
12、nd on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 3） 连接副词主要有when, where, why, how等，在从句中充当状语。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you get to the new hotel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 宾语从句的引导词的选择坚持两个原则： 看这个引导词的具体词汇意义； 看这个引
13、导词是否在从句中充当句子成分。 3、动词的宾语从句 1） 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。 2.）部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 3）动词短语也可以带宾语从句 make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes i
14、n your papers before you turn them in. 4、介词的宾语从句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 5、 形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised. I am sure I will pass the exam. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 6、if, whether在宾语从句中的区别 介词后一般不用if whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether。如： I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 7、宾语从句的时态 1）当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主
