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1、安徽专版,新课标（RJ）,语法专题（十） 非谓语动词,PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,【中考考点】 （1）动词不定式的用法。（2）动名词的用法。 （3）现在分词和过去分词的用法。,考点一 动词不定式,构成: to+动词原形,有时可省略to,to为不定式符号。其否定形式:not （+to）+动词原形。 1.作主语常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语（动词不定式）置于句末 常用句型结构为“Its+adj.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth.”。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary to ask the
2、 teacher for help. 向老师寻求帮助是必要的。,2.作宾语 （1）后接不定式作宾语的动词或短语有want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。 I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑以前到那儿。 （2）在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语（不定式）后置,构成“主语+谓语+it（形式宾语）+宾补（形容词/名词）+不定式.”结构。 I found it dif
3、ficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。,to get,3.作宾语补足语 （1）后接带to的不定式作宾补的动词或短语有 tell, ask, allow, want, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。 The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老师告诉我们做练习一。 （2）一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾语补足语。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look
4、at, see, watch, notice）。但这些动词变被动语态时,作补语的不定式必须补出to。 We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。 被动语态: She is often heard to sing.,to do,4.作状语 常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。 Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将去杭州参观西湖。（作目的状语） 5.作定语 动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后置定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间是动宾关系,则不定式后面要
5、加上适当的介词。 I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。 I had to find a place to live in. 我不得不找一个住的地方。,6.作表语 Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 7. “特殊疑问词+不定式”结构 动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等特殊疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。 He doesnt know . 他不知道要穿什么。（作宾语）,to look aft
6、er/take care of,what to wear,考点二 动名词,动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,但有不规则形式。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。 1.作主语 动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。 Playing/To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 玩电脑游戏太多对你的眼睛有害。 2.作宾语 后常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish, consider（考虑）, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel li
7、ke, give up, cant help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stopfrom, look forward to, have difficulty/problems/trouble （in）, have fun等。,【巧学妙记】 后接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）记忆口诀: 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up
8、） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like） Have you finished the book? 你读完这本书了吗?,reading,3.作表语 The nurses job is the patients. 护士的工作是照顾病人。 4.作定语 I often go to the . 我经常去阅览室。,looking after/taking care of,reading room,考点三 分词,分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词（v.-ing）有主动、进行之意;过去分词（v.-ed）有被动、完成之意。 1.作定语 China
9、 is a country. America is a country. 中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。 2.作表语 The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它感兴趣。,developing,developed,3.作宾语补足语 I saw her going upstairs.我看见她正在上楼。 I want to have some photos taken.我想拍一些照片。 4.作状语 Laughing and talk
10、ing, they went into the room. 他们有说有笑地进了房间。,5.现在分词与过去分词的区别 （1）在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。 the flying kite飞着的风筝 the moved people 被感动的人们 （2）在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升高的太阳,1.2018阜阳一模 I havent decided when a holiday yet. A.took B.taking C.to take D.take 2.2018芜湖模
11、拟 Zhang Lan, have you finished the book Harry Potter? Yes, its interesting. A.read B.write C.writing D.reading,1.C decide to do sth. 决定去做某事,为固定搭配,故选C。,C,D,3.2018合肥二模 Im trying to sleep. Would you mind the music? A.turn down B.turning down C.to turn down D.to turning down 4.2018淮南 They were about whe
12、n it began to rain. A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left 5.2018蚌埠二模 When we heard the good news, we couldnt help . Were so excited. A.jump B.to jump C.jumping D.jumped 6.2018淮北二模 Our teacher saw us on the desks and went out of the classroom. A.to sit B.sat C.sit D.sitting,B,A,C,D,7.2018阜阳二模 We look f
13、orward to you again. A.meeting B.meet C.see D.visit 8.2018蚌埠二模 Nancy spends half an hour the piano every day. A.to practice playing B.practicing playing C.practicing to play D.to practice to play 9.2018蚌埠二模 Im sorry, Miss Green. I left my math book at home. It doesnt matter. Please remember it here
14、tomorrow. A.taking B.to take C.bringing D.to bring,A,B,D,10.2018颍上模拟 We will be free tomorrow, so I suggest the history museum. A.to visit B.visiting C.visit D.a visit 11.2018合肥一模 He used to in a small village, but now he has been used to in the big city. A.live; living B.live; live C.living; living
15、 D.living; live,10.B suggest doing sth. 建议做某事,后面跟动名词,故应选B。,B,A,12.2018淮北二模 My hair grows long. I want to get it . OK, Ill go with you. A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.cuts 13.2018淮北一模 Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child? Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret that silly thing to my mum. A.do B.to do C.doing D.did,A,C,14.2018马鞍山一模 We spend as much time as we can English. A.read B.to read C.reading D.have read,14.C spend some time/money doing sth. 花时间/钱做某事,为固定搭配,故选C。,C,见Word资源 语法专题10
