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1、高中英语语法-名词性从句一、概念：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Who will go makes no difference. 谁去都没关系。（ 从句）The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。（ 从句）They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们不知道
2、他去什么地方了。（ 从句）Do you remember how he came? 你记得他怎么来的么？（ 从句）二、语序当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。 What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring? 你能肯定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗？No one can be sure what man will look like in
3、 a million years. 没有人肯定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。He asked how much I paid for the violin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。三、时态的呼应名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应，主要有下列几种情况：（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约，从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。I wonder why Jenny hasnt written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.我不知道为
4、什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。Im sorry I didnt say anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. 对不起，我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。（2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词用过去的相应的某个时态。The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen.警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷She said she had been waiting f
5、or me for a long time.她说她等了我很长时间。I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。They said they would listen to a report on current affairs.他说他们将听关于时事的报告。（3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。Dick asked Lucy how old she is迪克问露斯她多大了。 The teacher said the sun rises in the east老
6、师说太阳从东方升起。四、引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表：分类引导词词 义在从句中的作用连词that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分if和whether是否起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分Be
7、cause （表从）因为as if / as though （表从）好像，似乎关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when,where,why,how,however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语由上表可总结出：1. 名词性从句引导词的作用：1）都起连接作用，连接主句和从句的作用。2）大部分引导词都有词义（单词本身词义，“that” 除外），用在复合句中表达着相应
8、的需要表达的意思。3）大部分引导词都在从句内部充当相应的语法成分，如：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。2. 名词性从句引导词的选择：1）准确把握复合句要表达句意，看缺不缺相应词意，若缺补上什么词义使其完整，初选引导词。2）细分析从句语法结构，看其缺不缺成分，若缺又缺什么成分，再综合其所缺词意选定答案。例句：1）.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。（that在从句中只起 作用，不 ）2）.What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 事
9、故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。（What在从句中作 ） 3）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. （whatever 在从句中作 ）4）It was a matter of who would take the position. （who 在从句中作 ）5）Where she has gone is not known yet. （where 在从句中作 ）3. whether和if的区别（1）whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句，而if不能。 I havent s
10、ettled the question of whether Ill lend him the money. 我还没决定是否把钱借给她。（不能用if） They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。（不能用if）（2）whether可以应到所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句；在引起主语从句时，特别是主语从句在句首时，不能用if，除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. The question is whet
11、her it is worth doing.问题是这值不值得做。我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。（不能用if）The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它还没定。（不能用if）（3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。但可以说whether/if or not, whether/if or。I dont know whether or not hell come. 我不知道他是否会来。（不能用if）He will leave fo
12、r Paris tomorrow, whether or no.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了。（不能用if）I dont care whether/ if you come or not.我不关心你来与否。（4）if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语，whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。I dont care if you wont come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。He doesnt care if you dont pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎。（5）whether or可以引导让步状语从句，or不可省略；if可以引导条件状语从句。Whether it snows or n
13、ot, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪，我都骑车去。 If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间，他会做得更好。（6）whether可以和不定式连用，而if不能。He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。They havent decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。巧记whether与if异同“whether”与“i
14、f”都可表“是否”，是常考内容。下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同。主从表从同位从，if不用whether用；discuss和介词后，whether引宾从；不定式、or not后面跟，whether独能显神通；宾从如是否定句，if发挥其功用；避免歧义要慎重，其它情况可换用。五、各从句祥析（一）主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. 主语从句位置放在主句谓语动词之前：Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。That they will go i
15、s certain.他们去是肯定的。What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会议上的发言时所有入会者吃惊。2. 主要是为了平衡句子结构，由形式主语it代替，而从句本身放在句子末尾。用it 作形式主语的结构（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 显而易见 Its fortunate that 幸运的是 Its (im)possible（不）可能 Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句 Its a pity that 遗憾的是 Its a fact that 事实是 Its good news that是好消息 Its a wonder
