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1、Geoffrey Chaucer,( 1343-1400 ),(1) Life Experience,Born in London between 1340 and 1344. He was the first established English poet buried in Westminster Abbey. (poets corner) John Milton, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Burns, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John
2、 Keats, the Bront sisters, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Thomas Gray, John Dryden, T. S. Eliot, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Samuel Johnson, Rudyard Kipling, Alexander Pope, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Dylan Thomas.,(2) Early works,The first period of Chaucers literary career includes his early works greatly in
3、fluenced by French literature, especially the Roman de la Rose. He tried to translate part of the book into English. Chaucers chief early work: The Book of the Duchess.,(3) Italian period,During this time, his works were modeled primarily on Dante and Boccaccio. Representative writings: The House of
4、 Fame; The Parliament of Fowls; Troilus and Criseyde. one term related: heroic couplet,Heroic couplet,couplet: A unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit. The most popular of the couplets is the
5、 heroic couplet (introduced from French).,A repetition of similar sounds in two or more words, most often at the end of lines in poems or songs,Meter in poetry is a rhythm of accented and unaccented syllables arranged into feet. The most common is one soft foot and one hard foot and is called an Iam
6、b. There are several kinds of meter, but most poetry uses a five-beat meter, with Iambic feet, called iambic pentameter.,Read and think,So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. -Shakespeare,(4) The late period,In this period, Chaucer reached the cl
7、imax of his artistic value. The Canterbury Tales: about 17000 lines. around 1386-1395, 24 tales. (120 tales planned) In this professional life, Chaucer was able to travel from his home in England to France and Italy. There, he not only had the chance to read Italian and French literature, but possib
8、ly, even to meet Boccaccio, whose Decameron may have inspired the frame story of The Canterbury Tales.,(5) The Great poet: Chaucer,The first poet who introduced the heroic couplet The first poet who wrote in English, the dialect of London. (Middle English) The forerunner of British humanist literatu
9、re: a humanist poet. Father of English literature Father of English poetry,Old English Middle English Modern English A history,I. History of the English Language,the 5th century AD: the arrival of three Germanic tribes : the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes (The inhabitants of Britain : Celtic langu
10、age. ) The Angles came from “Englaland“ and their language was called “Englisc“ - from which the words “England“ and “English“ are derived.,Old English (450-1100 AD),The invading Germanic tribes: Old English Modern English: derived from Old English,Middle English (1100-1500),In 1066 the Duke of Norm
11、andy conquered England. The Normans: French, (the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. ) linguistic class division English + French: Middle English,Early Modern English (1500-1800),From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. The
12、 function of printing: English became standardized. Spelling and grammar became fixed. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.,Late Modern English (1800-Present),Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology
13、 created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earths surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.,A brief chronology of English,Local inhabitants speak Celtish Old English Middle English Early Modern English Late
14、Modern English,1. Local inhabitants speak Celtish,55 BC Roman invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar. AD 43 Roman invasion and occupation. Beginning of Roman rule of Britain. 436 Roman withdrawal from Britain complete. 449 Settlement of Britain by Germanic invaders begins,2. Old English,450-480 Earlie
15、st known Old English inscriptions. 1066 William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invades and conquers England.,3. Middle English,1150 Earliest surviving manuscripts in Middle English. 1348 English replaces Latin as the language of instruction in most schools. 1362 English replaces French as the lang
16、uage of law. English is used in Parliament for the first time. 1388 Chaucer starts writing The Canterbury Tales. 1400 The Great Vowel Shift begins.,4. Early Modern English,1476 William Caxton establishes the first English printing press. 1604 Table Alphabeticall, the first English dictionary, is published. 1755 Samuel Johnson publishes his English dictionary.,5. Late Modern English,1828 Webster publishes his American English dictionary. 1922 The British Broadcasting Corporation is fo
