《初二下英语知识汇总》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初二下英语知识汇总(6页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、八年级下英语知识汇总Unit1情态动词should、反身代词一、情态动词Should1.定义:should作情态动词,可以表示责任和义务,意为“应当;应该”,可以用于各种人称。2.用法:肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其他否定句主语+should not/shouldnt+动词原形+其他一般疑问句Should+主语+动词原形+其他?特殊疑问句(以what为例)What should +主语+动词原形?You should listen to your parents.You shouldnt go out last night.Should I take my temperature fi
2、rst?What should I do?3.近义表达:ought to do表示“应该;应当”be supposed to do 表示“应该做某事”You ought to diet and take more exercise.They are supposed to shake hands with the guests.二、反身代词1.定义:反身代词是表示反射或强调的代词,由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格形式的词尾加-self或-selves构成。可译为“本人;本身;自己”。2.形式:第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, he
3、rself, itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesUnit2用could表达建议、动词不定式一、用could表达建议用could来表达建议的用法,此时could可以翻译为“可以”,could用于表达建议时语气较委婉,在这里的could不是can的过去式。You could write him a letter.You could help to clean the park.二、动词不定式1.定义:动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,否定结构是“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不能作谓语,其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。2.用法:作主
4、语To learn English well is very important. = It is very important to learn English well. 作表语My job is to look after patients.作宾语We want to go swimming. 作宾语补足语She invited me to go to a concert.作定语He has too many things to do.作状语She got up very early to catch the early bus.3.“疑问词+不定式”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词what
5、、how、when、where等之后,该结构可作主语、宾语、表语等。作主语:How to get there is a problem.作宾语:I dont know what to say.作表语:The question is how to learn English well.*注意:当“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语时,通常可以和宾语从句进行同义转换。They are talking about how to get there.= They are talking about how they can get there.4.常用搭配(1)有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语。如:plan、h
6、ope、agree、decide等。We plan to go climbing.My father agreed to take us to the museum.They decided to join the swimming club.(2)有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事advise sb. to do sth
7、.建议某人做某事Unit3用could提出请求、征求许可、while的用法一、情态动词Could1.用could提出请求常见的结构是“Could you(please)?”,意为“你能吗?”或“请你好吗?”,是一种比较客气、有礼貌的提出请求的方式。如果同意对方的请求,可以用OK.或No problem.等来回答。如果不同意对方的请求,可以用Sorry, I cant.等来回答,并以委婉的方式来解释原因。-Could you please open the door? -Sure.2.用could征求许可常见的结构是“Could I?”,意为“我能/可以吗?”。此时肯定回答和否定回答都不用cou
8、ld,习惯上肯定回答用may, can等;否定回答用cant或mustnt(语气重)。-Could I smoke here? -No, you cant. Look at the sign “No smoking”!二、while的用法1.while用作连词时,有以下几种含义:释义用法例句当时候引导时间状语从句While I was watching TV, the bell rang.虽然,尽管引导让步状语从句While he is in poor health, he works hard.而,然而连接两个并列分句,表示对比关系I like singing while she likes
9、 dancing.2.while引导状语从句时,需注意:(1)while引导时间状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而while引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以从意义上加以区分。时间:Her parents died while she was still at school.让步:While he was tired, he went on working.(2)while引导让步状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语含有be动词,那么从句的主语和be动词都可以省略。While he was ill, he went there. (= While ill
10、, he went there. )(3)while引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词常用延续性动词,表示“与同时,在期间”。While we were talking, the teacher came in.Unit4until so that although 引导的状语从句、why dont you句型一、until、so that、although 引导的状语从句1.定义:状语从句就是在句中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种,如时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句等。2.类型:(1)until引导的时间状语从句Until意为“直到为止;到时”。注意until和notuntil在用
11、法上的区别。Continue walking in this direction until you see a sign.I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock.(2)so that引导的目的状语从句So that意为“为了;以便”,引导目的状语从句。注意so that、in order that、in order to在用法上的区别。Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.(3)although引导的让步状语从句Although意为“尽管;虽然
12、”,常用于引导让步状语从句,且引导的句子常指事实,而不指设想。Although可置于句首(此时多用逗号与主句分开),也可置于句末,也可用于句中表强调。Although my uncle is old, he looks very strong and healthy.二、why dont you?句型 Why dont you do sth.?意为“你为什么不做某事呢?”,与Why not do sth.?是同义表达。Why dont you stay for supper? = Why not stay for supper?*Why not?是常见的口语表达,意为“为什么不呢?”用于表示同
13、意或赞同。Unit5when while 引导的状语从句、过去进行时一、when、while 引导的状语从句 When、while都可以用来引导时间状语从句,它们可以和过去进行时搭配,主句和从句的时态搭配是这样的:主句的时态连词从句的时态过去进行时when一般过去时一般过去时while过去进行时过去进行时while过去进行时When the rainstorm came, he was reading in the library.Someone came in while my mother was cooking.They were cleaning the classroom while
14、 you were playing games.*时间状语从句的引导词有很多,常见的有:when当的时候The army was disbanded(解散)when the war came to an end.while在期间I lived in a hostel while I was a student.before在之前I wiped my shoes on the mat before I came in.after在之后I found your coat after you had left the house.as 当的时候He smiled as he passed.since
15、自从Since his wife died, he has let himself go.until直到Lets wait until he comes back.二、过去进行时1.定义:过去进行时用于描述过去某个时刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态,它的基本结构是“was/were + 动词的现在分词”They were doing their homework at eight oclock yesterday evening.2.用法:肯定句主语+was/were+现在分词+其他否定句主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他?肯定答语Yes,主语+was/were.否定答语No,主语+wasnt/werent.My sister was playing with her cat