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1、新目标英语八年下考点,重点,知识点,作文整理Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.本单元考点,重点一个：现在完成时态 一.非延续性动词转化为延续性动词：英语中的动词根据词汇意义可分为动作动词和状态动词,其中动作动词又可细分为终止性动词(或称为瞬间动词、非延续性动词、界限性动词)和持续性动词(或称为延续性动词),表示动作一发生即告结束的动词叫终止性动词(非延续性动词)。表示持续一段时间的动词叫持续性动词。现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。他们的对应关系如下：leave be
2、 away from离开, finish/end/stop be over结束/完成,join the army be in the army/ be a soldier 入伍,join the Party be in the Party/be a Party member入党,go to school be in school 上学, fall asleep/ get to sleep be asleep睡着,catch/get a cold have a cold 感冒, go abroad be abroad去国外,begin/start be on开始, become be成为,buy
3、 have买, marry be married to结婚,wake up be awake醒, lose be lost 丢失,make friends with be friends with交朋友, borrow keep借, open/close/die be open/ be closed/ be dead 打开/关闭/死,put on wear穿, get up be up起床,get to know know认识,知道, come/arrive/reach be here/be in/be in 来/到达,go be there去, catch a cold have a col
4、d感冒.例如：(1)我买一本英语书已经三周了。 误：I have bought an English for three weeks.正：I have had an English for three weeks.(2)我哥哥参军两年了。 误：My brother has joined the army for two years.正：My brother has been in the army for two years. (3)格林先生自从上周就来这儿了。 误：Mr. Green has come here since last week.正：Mr. Green has been her
5、e since last week.二.用句型“Its +一段时间+since +从句”(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去时)表示。(1)Its ten years since he graduated from college.自从他大学毕业已经10年了。(2)Its two weeks since I borrowed the book from the library. 自从我从图书馆借到这本书已经两周了。三.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别: 1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,且这一动作到说话时已终止,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现
6、在的影响,强调的是影响。2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语,一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(month/ year/ Monday), ago, in 2001, just now, yesterday morning, the other day等具体的时间状语,用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时, 用一般过去时。而现在完成时的时间状语有：for ten days, for a week, for a long time, since ye
7、sterday, since ten days ago, so far, ever, never, just, already, yet, till/until, up to now, until now, in(during) the pastyears, always等。如：He lived in the house in 1990. 强调居住动作发生过了,不涉及现在的情况。He has lived in the house since 1990. 强调对现在的影响,现在仍然住在这儿。I read the book last year. 读的动作已经过去。I have read the b
8、ook before. 我了解这本书的内容。She returned from Shanghai yesterday.强调她是昨天回来的。She has been back from Shanghai for two days.强调现在她本人在本地。四重点短语,知识点：(P73)1. Ive had this bike for three years.我已经买这辆自行车3年了。此句为现在完成时, buy 是瞬间动词,不能用于表示时间段的完成时,应变为延续性动词have.(1)how long 多长时间 可以对for/since 引导的短语或since 引导的从句进行提问。-How long h
9、as he played basketball? 他打篮球多长时间了？-For three hours.三个小时了。/Since three hours ago.自从三小时前。how often 多长时间一次 对频率提问how soon 多久以后 对 “in+时间段”提问how far 多远 对距离提问(2)since 的用法： since +过去的一个时间点 since +一段时间+ago since +从句 Its +一段时间+since 从句(用一般过去时) since then 从那以后 ever since 自从以来注意：since +时间点 for +时间段2.the things
10、 at the yard sale 在庭院拍卖会上的物品 have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会 sale n. 降价出售 sell v.卖 in a yard 在庭院里3. more than 10 years 十年多4. keep her old things 保留她旧的东西 keep 用法归纳： keep - kept - kept (1)连系动词 “保持(某种状态)”,后接形容词做表语 keep quiet/ silent (2)行为动词 保管,保存,保留 Please keep these things for me while I am away. 赡养,饲养 I use
11、d to keep sheep in my childhood. 坚持,继续 接doing 做宾语 If you keep practicing your spoken English, you will soon make great progress. 阻止,阻碍 keep sb./ sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/物做某事 其中from不可少 The heavy rain didnt keep them from watching the football match.保持。后接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续keep +sb./ sth.
12、+介词 If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.keep +sb./ sth. +adj. These loves will keep your hands warm.keep +sb./ sth. +doing “让某人/物一直.”强调动作的持续性 Im sorry Ive kept you waiting.很抱歉,让你久等了。(3)固定搭配 keep a record 保持记录 keep in touch (with) 保持与的联系 keep out (of) 把关在外面 keep up 保持,时不能入睡 keep ones/ a
13、n eye on 密切注视 keep away (from)离开 keep in mind 牢记 keep ones word 遵守诺言5.bring back sweet memories 带给美好的回忆 (1)bring back (v. +adv.)使回想起,使回忆起 (2)sweet adj. 甜蜜的,甜的,含糖的 I think this kind of chocolate is too sweet. n. 糖果 可数名词 复数形式为sweets (3)memory n. 记忆,回忆 in ones memory 在某人的回忆里 in memory of sb. 纪念某人People
14、 have short memories. 人都是健忘的。She used to be kind and outgoing in my memory. 在我的记忆中她是善良而外向的。 memorize v.记忆,记住 To memorize a text, you need to read it for several times beforehand. 要记住一篇文章,你需要事先读几遍。6.people in need 需要帮助的人7.give old things away to sb. 将旧东西增送给某人give away 赠送,赠予 ones old things某人的旧东西8. not anymore 不再 = not any more = no more 表示再也不重复过去反复发生的动作,即次数上的“不再”。常与表示具体动作的瞬间动词连用,用于过去或将来时的句子中。I cant stand all this anymore. 我再也无法忍受所有的这些了。 She wasnt afraid anymore. 我不再害怕了。notany longer 不再 = no longer 表示不再继续或再现过去某一时刻发生或存在而一直延续的动作,即时间上“不再”。它常与表示状态的持续性
