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1、Lesson 23 Manual Transmission in Automobile,词汇讲解 课文分析 练习答案,本课教学目标：,了解什么是手动变速器； 掌握与变速器相关的专业词汇。,Section ： words and phases,Having a glance at the new words table, youll find every word is very professional. How to remember these words and phrases rapidly? There is no short-cut. The only way is “more p
2、ractice”. Check if you have remembered all the words or not with the help of your deskmate.,Section ： text,At first, read the first paragraph silently in 3 minutes, please.,paragraph :,A manual transmission (also known as a stick shift, or standard transmission) is a type of transmission used in aut
3、omotive applications. Manual transmissions often feature a driver-operated clutch and a movable gear selector, although some do not. Most automobile manual transmissions allow the driver to select any gear at any time, but some, such as those commonly mounted on motorcycles and some types of racing
4、cars, only allow the driver to select the next-highest or next-lowest gear ratio. This second type of transmission is sometimes called a sequential manual transmission.,手动变速器(亦作变速杆和标准变速器)是汽车驾驶时应用的一种变速器.手动变速器通常以司机可操纵的离合器、可动的档位选择器为特征,然而也不尽然.大多数的汽车手动变速器允许司机随意选择任何档位,但某些手动变速器,如那些一般装在摩托车和某些种类的赛车上的,就只允许司机选
5、择相临档位的齿数比。后一种的变速器有时也被称为顺序手动变速器。,Oral English practice :,Ask your deskmate a question according to the first paragraph.,Read the second paragraph silently in two minutes, please.,paragraph :,Manual transmissions are characterized by gear ratios that are selectable by engaging pairs of gears inside th
6、e transmission. Conversely, automatic transmissions feature clutch packs to select gear ratio. Transmissions that employ clutch packs but allow the driver to manually select the current gear are called semi-automatic transmissions.,手动变速器的特征参数为传动比, 通过选择变速器内部的啮合齿轮对可选择传动比.相反地,自动变速器的特点是利用离合器箱来选择传动比.既能实现
7、自动变速又能实现手动变速的变速器叫做半自动变速器。,Oral English practice :,Ask your deskmate a question according to the second paragraph.,Flip through the third paragraph in two minutes, please.,paragraph :,Contemporary automotive manual transmissions are generally available with four to six forward gears and one reverse g
8、ear, although manual transmissions have been built with as few as 2 and as many as 7 gears. Some manuals are referred to by the number of forward gears they offer (e.g., 5-speed) as a way of distinguishing between automatic or other available manual transmissions. Similarly, a 5-speed automatic tran
9、smission is referred to as a 5-speed automatic.,手动变速器可有二至七个档位，但当代的汽车手动变速器通常采用四至六个前进档和一个倒档. 手动变速器根据前进档的个数来命名(如5档),以区分自动变速器和其他的手动变速器.类似的,5档自动变速器被简称为5档自动.,Oral English practice :,One student stand up to ask a question according to the third paragraph. Another give an answer.,Now well come to paragraph
10、four and five, please read the it silently in 2 minutes,.,paragraph :,Other types of transmission in mainstream automotive use are the automatic transmission, semi-automatic transmission, and the continuously variable transmission7. 主流汽车上使用的其它类型变速器有自动变速器、半自动变速器和无级变速器。,paragraph :,The image（Fig.6.4）
11、below shows the most common five-speed layout found in the USA and the UK. 下图所示为美国和英国最常见的5档变速器的布局.,Now browse paragraph six in 2 minutes, please.,paragraph :,This layout is reasonably intuitive because it starts at the upper left and works top to bottom, left to right, with reverse far away and towa
12、rd the rear of the car. There is usually a mechanism that only allows selection of reverse from the neutral position, so reverse will be less likely to be accidentally chosen when downshifting from 5th to 4th (or by someone used to a 6-speed transmission and trying to shift from 5th to the non-exist
13、ent 6th).,这种布局显然是合理的,因为该布局从左上角开始,自上而下,自左而右,退档布置在汽车后部,不易误操作.还有一种常用的结构是从空挡位置选择退档,这样就尽可能避免在从5档换到4档的时候错选了退档(或被一个用惯了6级变速器的人从5档换到并不存在的6档),Oral English practice :,One student ask a question according to the sixth paragraph. Another give an answer.,Now please have a glance at paragraph seven in 2 minutes.,p
14、aragraph :,Manual transmissions typically offer better fuel economy than automatics. Increased fuel economy with a properly operated manual transmission vehicle versus an equivalent automatic transmission vehicle can range from 5% to about 15% depending on driving conditions and style of driving - e
15、xtra urban or urban (highway or city).,手动变速器通常比自动变速器有更好的节油性.依行车条件和驾驶风格的不同(郊区或城区,路况),手动变速器汽车比同规格的自动变速器汽车节油5%到15%。,Oral English practice :,One student ask a question according to the seventh paragraph. Another give an answer.,Now please have a glance at paragraph eight in 2 minutes.,paragraph :,Mainte
16、nance of manual transmissions: Because clutches use changes in friction to modulate the transfer of torque between engine and transmission（Fig.6.5）, they are subject to wear10 in everyday use. A very good clutch, when used by an expert driver, can last hundreds of thousands of kilometers (100,000 kilometers is equal to 62,500 miles). Weak clutches, downshifting, inexperienced drivers, and aggressive driving11 can lead to more frequent repair or replacement.,由于离合器根据摩擦力的变化
