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1、John Steinbeck（1902-1968),- the spokesman for the oppressed,His life,He was born in Salinas, California, in a long valley between two mountain ranges, which he used as the setting for many of his stories. His father was a well-to-do flour miller who also served as a country official, and his mother
2、was a school teacher.,His life,With his three older sisters, they were a family who enjoyed books, so Steinbeck did well at school. He attended a university in California on and off for five years, studying literature and taking courses in writing.,Major Works,In 1937, he wrote Of Mice and Men, a sh
3、ort novel which established his reputation among literary critics as a major American writer. In 1939, he wrote his masterpiece, The Grapes Of Wrath. This book was turned into an unforgettable film, which is still considered a great classic.,His major works,1937- Of Mice And Men is a short novel, wr
4、itten almost like a play with six chapters, each of which represents a scene. It tells of the tragic friendship between a migrant farm worker and his enormously strong, feeble-minded friend whom he is finally forced to kill, as an act of kindness, to save him from a worse death at the hands of his o
5、ppressors.,Major Works,1939- The Grapes Of Wrath is Steinbecks masterpiece. It is the story of a family from Oklahoma who are evicted from their small farm when they cannot pay their debts. They set out as migrants for California, to start a new life. Cruel police and employers mistreat them, some o
6、f them die, but the family somehow survives by all helping one another.,His post-war novel The Pearl (1947) reflected his bitter feelings against those greedy elements of society which made the war possible.,Major Works,In 1962, Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his lifetime w
7、ork, but primarily for the great works he produced in the 1930s. He died in New York, in 1968.,Award,His style and point of view,Steinbecks best writing was produced by outrage at the injustices of society and by his admiration for the strong spirit of the poor. During the Depression years, his fict
8、ion combined warm humor, regionalism, and violence with a realistic technique which produced a unique kind of social protest.,Conclusion,He wrote sympathetically about poor, oppressed California farmers, migrants, laborers, and the unemployed, making their lives and sorrows very understandable to hi
9、s readers. His influence was very wide in arousing public sympathy for the subjects of his novels.,Acceptance Speech(III),1. 我感谢瑞士科学院给予我的作品此最高的荣耀。2. 我心中自问是否我比那些我所尊敬、景仰的作家们更值得诺贝尔奖，但自己得到这个奖项，我的自豪和喜悦是勿庸置疑的。 3. 依照惯例，获奖者将就文学的本质和发展方向，发表学术性演说或个人的感想。可是，我觉得在这特别的时刻，我们不妨思考文学创作者的最高职责和义务。 4. 在诺贝尔奖的巨大威望的感召下，我不想像只
10、抱歉的老鼠一样说些感激的话，而是为我职业的骄傲，为多年来献身于此的伟大而优秀的人们，像只雄狮般呼吼！,5.文学的传播，不是靠着评论界苍白贫乏的说教者在他们空空如也的教堂里哼哼着他们的连祷文，也不是隐士们的游戏，不是吹牛的文学苦行者们无病呻吟的绝望。 6.文学和语言一样古老。它由人们的需要而生，人类对它的依赖与日益增。 7.吟唱诗人，行吟诗人和作家们并不是离群索居，隔离世外的。文学的功能、职责和任务，从一开始就为我们的种族所注定了。,8.人类经历过一段灰色而荒颓的混乱年代。我伟大的先驱者，福克纳曾在这里演讲，提起过这个年代的悲剧，是长久弥漫全世界的肉体恐惧使人们再无法感受到心灵，以致似乎只有人的
11、内心和人类自身的冲突才是值得描写的。 9.福克纳比其他人都更清楚地了解人类的力量，以及人类的弱点。他了解，对人们的恐惧的体会和解析，是作家们之所以存在的一个重要原因。 10.这并不是新的想法。作家的古老使命并没有改变。 11.他将揭示我们许多沉重的错误和失败，同时也要挖掘我们暗黑而危险的梦境中，可以有助于人类进步的一丝光亮。,12.此外，作家还应当宣扬和赞颂人类心灵和精神已经证明的伟大能力面对失败的勇气、无畏的精神、同情和爱。在对自身弱点和绝望的无止境的对抗中，我们仍有着希望和进步作为我们的鲜明旗帜。 13.我认为，一个作家如不热忱地相信人类有自我提高可完美的能力，不配献身于文学，也不配立足于
12、文学界之中。,14.当今全世界的恐惧，起源于我们对现实世界中某些危险因素突飞猛进的掌控。 15.诚然，对其他层面的理解还没有跟上技术的进步，但人们不会就此推定他们永不能并驾齐驱。实际上，这也是作家的责任。 16.人类漫长而自豪的历史中，一直坚定地抵御自然中的敌人，甚至曾经面对过几乎确定的失败和灭绝的危险，如今我们若在可能是人类最伟大的胜利的前夜离开战场，便是真的懦弱而愚不可及。,17.我读了阿尔福雷德诺贝尔的生平，书中将他叙述成一个孤独的人，一个充满思考的人。他完善了炸药的力量，使之既有美好的创造性，又有摧毁性的邪恶力量可是这力量本身无法选择，不受良心和判断的左右。 18.诺贝尔目睹了对他的发
13、明血腥残忍的误用。他或许已经预见他毕生研究的最后结果极端的暴力，终极的毁灭。有人说他变得厌世，但我不相信。我认为他努力想发明对这力量的控制如同一个安全阀。我相信他最后发现了，这只存在于人类的思想和精神之中。对我而言，诺贝尔的思想已经清楚地在这些奖项里体现了。,19.诺贝尔奖是为了人类世界中知识的累积和传递；为了理解和交流这正是文学的作用。诺贝尔奖也是为了展示和平的能力-这是奖项所有意义中最为崇高的。 20.他死后不到五十年，自然科学的门被打开了。人们被赋予了沉重得可怕的选择。 21.我们篡取了过去以为只有上帝才拥有的力量。 22.人们恐惧，没有准备。我们臆想我们已经可以主宰整个世界、所有生灵的生死。,23.危险或是荣耀，毕竟最终还是在人类自己手中选择。人类是否可以到达完美的境界？考验正在眼前。 24.获得了上帝般的伟力，我们必须从我们的自身寻找那我们曾向神祈求的责任感和智慧。 25.人类自身已经成为我们最大的危险，和我们唯一的希望。 26.所以今天，我们可以这样理解使徒圣约翰的话：“末世”有道，道就是“人”，道“与人同在”。 注：使徒圣约翰的原话是： In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God“ (John 1:1). 太初有道，道与神同在，道就是神。,
