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1、2016 考研英语句子分析（三）(下)来源：何凯文(12) 今天的句子是奥巴马医改方案的影响，美国的医改是近几年的热点，很有可能会在 2016 阅读中出现，请关注！One of the biggest shifts under way is to phase out the “feefor service” model, in which hospitals and doctors surgeries are reimbursedfor each test or treatment with no regard for the outcome, encouraging them toput p
2、atients through unnecessary and expensive procedures.词汇突破：1.phase something out: 逐步或分阶段撤出或终止某事物2. reimburse 补偿，偿还，补贴3. introduce 制定4. under way 正在进行的5. with noregard for 无论6. surgery 外科手术7. procedure 治疗手段主干识别：One of the biggest shifts under way is tophase out the “fee for service” model其他成分：in which
3、 hospitals and doctors surgeriesare reimbursed /for each test or treatment/ with no regard for the outcome 定语从句（独立成句）在这个模式中，医院和医生所实施外科手术，无论结果怎样，都可以从每一次测试或治疗中获得回报，encouraging them to put patients through unnecessary and expensiveprocedures状语（独立成句）发出动作的就是前面的“整个句子”=这；这就鼓励他们让病人接受一些不必要的和昂贵的治疗。encourage 这
4、个词其实就是个因果词。表示因果关系。参考译文：正在进行的一个最大的变化是逐步的停止“费用换服务”的模式，在这个模式中，医院和医生所实施外科手术，无论结果怎样，都可以从每一次测试或治疗中获得回报，这就鼓励他们让病人接受一些不必要的和昂贵的治疗。(13) 今天的句子是需要背的！Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summe
5、r home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.【词汇突破】instead :相反（表示句间的转折）但千万注意：instead of=not （句中的否定词）hypocritical 虚伪的；spectacles 景象ample
6、 充足的radical 激进的，根本的journalist 记者，新闻工作者advocate 支持；声称participatory democracy 参与制民主enrolled in 注册入学，入伍【主干识别】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰 spectacles；“：”之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表人物，举例说明。【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子：The spectacles now mor
7、e than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now more than ever 为状语。代表人物一 the critic of American materialism（美国物质主义的批评者） with a Southampton summer home;（其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄） ；代表人物二 the publisher of radical books（激进书刊的出版者）who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星
8、级酒店就餐（因为激进主义者往往是最求生活极简的） ；代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life（支持在人生的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者）whose own children are enrolled in private schools 定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上学（私立学校的教育是精英制的，而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的） 。【难点揭秘】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成了阅读的困难；【译文赏析】相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他
9、们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。【翻译点拨】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻译那就是：我们被招待了很好的虚伪景象；这样的说法并不符合中文的习惯，中文是多主动，英语多被动，因此句子转译为：我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象 fine 处理为非常。(14) 今天经济学人杂志的文章中有这么一句话：Last year nearly 1m Americans filed for b
10、ankruptcy.这里的考点词就是 file for：申请；这句话背后的知识就是美国人是可以申请个人破产的。补充两个单词：debtor 债务人creditor 债权人一个独立主格结构：With inflation low and wages weak, the increase of consumer debt is worrying.通货膨胀率低，工资水平不高，所以消费者债务的增加是令人担忧的。在结尾的时候有这样的表达：whether reform just increases profligacy remains to be seen.Profligacy:浪费，肆意挥霍；改革是不是只是
11、增加了浪费还不得而知。今天的句子需要背：It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.词汇突破：auditors 审计人员Distrac
12、t 分散注意力cash register 收银机切分：It is entirely reasonable/ for auditors /to believe that /scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there/ should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.简化：it is entir
13、ely reasonable for auditors to believe that A should not be distracted by B.A= scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get thereB= the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.通过这样的切分和简化，大家会发现其实复杂的就是由名词牵扯出来的成分。微观解析：scientis
14、ts should not be distracted 宾语从句主干who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰 scientistwhere they are going and how they will get there 定语从句中know 的宾语从句by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语of keeping one eye o
15、n the cash register 修饰 the necessity 做定语；while the other eye is on the microscope 状语（一个 ing 结构本质上就是一个句子，是可以带上一个状语从句的。这里的 while 和前两天的 while 不一样，表示的是伴随）译文赏析：审查者完全有理由相信，哪些知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该由于必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而被分散注意力。（ By 短语在句子中是充当状语，翻译为原; where they are going and how they will get there 处理为知道做什么，知
16、道怎么做，这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为：知道他们要去哪里和怎么去，就是对于字面含义的翻译。属于死译）还可以翻译为：审查者完全有理由相信，有些科学家是不应该由于必须一只眼睛盯着收银机，另一只眼镜盯着显微镜而被分散注意力的。因为，他们知道自己准备做什么和怎么去做。（收银机代表钱，显微镜代表科研；科学家应该专注于科研，不需要考虑钱的事情）所以又可以这样翻译： 对于十分清楚方向并且知道方法的科学家们，审计者完全有理由相信他们不应该在做研究时，为了科研经费而分心。(15) 今天的句子也需要背！To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines，animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst词汇突破：unaware 未认识到的，未觉察到的Vaccine
