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1、Chapter 7 Ergonomics,Unit 1 Introduction to Ergonomics Unit 2 Physiological and Psychological Activities of Human,Unit 1 Introduction to Ergonomics,1. Definition of Ergonomics 2. Aim of Ergonomics 3. Origins of Ergonomics 4. Components of Ergonomics 5. Research Contents of Ergonomics 6. Contents of
2、Ergonomic Design 7. Application of Ergonomics,1. Definition of Ergonomics,Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to o
3、ptimize human being activities and overall system performance.,2. Aim of Ergonomics,The aim of ergonomics is to ensure that humans and technology work in complete harmony, with the equipment and tasks aligned to human characteristics.,3. Origins of Ergonomics,The term “ergonomics” is derived from th
4、e Greek words ergon (means work) and nomoi (means natural laws) to express the systems-oriented discipline which now extends across all aspects of human activity.,4. Components of Ergonomics,Ergonomics deals with the interaction of technological and work situations with the human being. The basic hu
5、man sciences involved are as follows: Anthropometry Physiology Psychology,5. Research Contents of Ergonomics,Ergonomics includes two aspects: Physical ergonomics Cognitive ergonomics.,6. Contents of Ergonomic Design,Ergonomic design is a way of considering design options to ensure that peoples capab
6、ilities and limitations are taken into account. This helps to ensure that the product is fit for the target users. It covers: Product design Age related design Information design,7. Application of Ergonomics,Ergonomics has a wide application to everyday domestic situations, but there are even more s
7、ignificant implications for efficiency, productivity, safety and health in work settings.,Unit 2 Physiological and Psychological Activities of Human,1. Physiological Aspects of Human Performance 2. Anthropometry 3. Percentile 4. Application of Anthropometry 5. Impacts of Working Environment 6. Defin
8、ition and Goal of Engineering Psychology 7. Effects of Working Environment on Safety 8. Mental Health 9. Human Interface with the World of Work,1. Physiological Aspects of Human Performance,The principles of reducing the risk of injury: All work activities should permit the worker to adopt several d
9、ifferent, but equally healthy and safe postures; Muscular force has to be exerted by the largest appropriate muscle groups available; Work activities should be performed with the joints at about mid-point of their range of movement. This applies particularly to the head, trunk, and upper limbs.,2. A
10、nthropometry,Anthropometry is a branch of ergonomics that deals with body shape and size. The physical characteristics of the shapes and sizes should be taken into account whenever something , from something as simple as a pencil to something as complex as a car, is designed for someone.,3. Percenti
11、le,Percentiles are shown in anthropometry tables and they tell you whether the measurement given in the tables relates to the average person, or someone who is above or below average in a certain dimension. The graph of the heights of a group of people is symmetrical so that 50% of people are of ave
12、rage height or taller and 50% of people are of average height or smaller.,Figure 7.1 The Heights of a Group of People,4. Application of Anthropometry,4. Applications of Anthropometry,5. Impacts of Working Environment,In order to satisfy the requirements of users, the impacts of working environment o
13、n physiological status must be taken into account: Peoples eyesight and hearing abilities are also needed to consider Vision is usually the primary channel for information Sound can be a useful way to provide information,6. Definition and Goal of Engineering Psychology,Engineering Psychology is defi
14、ned as the application of psychological principles, knowledge, and research to improve the ability of humans to operate more effectively in a technological society. The goal of Engineering Psychology is safer, more effective, and more reliable systems through improved understanding of the users requ
15、irements and performance capabilities.,7. Effects of Working Environment on Safety,Safety and accident prevention are important areas of ergonomics, environmental psychology and ergonomics engineering. The general surroundings of your office could be having negative effects on your mental state and
16、work productivity. Environmental Factors: light, noise,8. Mental Health,The Problem of mental health may lead to disasters Ergonomists working in these areas pay particular attention to the mental demands on the operators, designing tasks and equipment to minimize the chances of misreading information or operating the wrong controls,9. Human/Machine System Interface,How do people interact with machines and with the man-made components of their physical environments?
