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1、.单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease.2.(2018北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.3.(2018浙江卷)Many westerners who/that come to Ch
2、ina cook much less than in their own countries.4.(2018天津卷)Kate,whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.单句改错1.(2018全国卷)They also had a small pond,which they raised fish.在which前加in或whichwhere2.(2017全国卷)In their spare time,they are interested in planting
3、vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.thatwhich3.(2017全国卷)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.theythat或which考点一 关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主
4、语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Do you know the boy (whom) we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。The e
5、xact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.她就是那位我非常想见的明星。Among the many dangers (which/that) sailors have to face,probably the g
6、reatest of all is fog.在海员们要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名词”。The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunitie
7、s abroad.国内市场利润下降的公司会寻求到国外发展的机会。The house whose windows are very large is my uncles.=The house of which the windows are very large is my uncles.那个窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the same,so,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my
8、class could work out.(as做work out的宾语)这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。注意so/such.that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.(work out 已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导的从句可以放在主句
9、前面也可以放在主句后面。The number of smokers,as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time,day,week,year,month等,常用on which,in which,at which,during which等代替。As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time whe
10、n he should be able to be independent.作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。I am looking forward to the day when/on which my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。8.where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。The house where/in which he lives is near the
11、 river.注意高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。Students should involve themselves in community activities where/in which they can gain experience for growth.学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。9.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用for which来替代。why不可引导非
12、限制性定语从句。Tell me the reason why/for which you came late.告诉我你来晚了的原因。注意用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。考点二 必须用关系代词that的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。We should do all that is u
13、seful to the people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。2.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。This is the last place that I want to visit.这是我最不想参观的地方。3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the third dictionary that I have used.这是我用过的第三本词典。5.当先行词同时含有
14、表示人和物的名词时。We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个男子是谁?注意Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中work为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词)前面
15、所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。考点三 不能用关系代词that的情况1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whom。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.这是我们去北京乘坐的火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,which my classmates recommended to me.上周我在图书馆里借了夏洛克福尔摩斯这本书,书是我的同学向我推荐的。3.指人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时,关系代词要用who,不用that。Is there anyone who can answer this question?有人能回答这个问题吗?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或those时,关系代词应用which。Whats that which she is looking at?她正在看什么?考点四 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1.位置不同。which 引导的定语从句只置于
