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1、二、转换词汇类,专题四 第二节 分类突破,真题研析,微技能突破,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题研析,(2015江苏) People select news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names，we shall call these two cl
2、asses immediate reward and delayed reward. In general，the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs，economic matters，social pr
3、oblems，science，education，and health.,News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder，shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the win
4、ning team，laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.,News of the second kind，however，pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyanceas，for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，risi
5、ng taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and cancer.It has a kind of “threat value”.It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.When he select
6、s news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.,For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.For example，a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its immediate reward.A coac
7、h may read a sports story for its threat value：he may have to play that team next week.A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.In any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful r
8、eader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.,Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，or divide the experience
9、between the two kinds of reward.,考场思维模式 第一步：读表格，填出较简单的概括词汇题 文章标题是“你读什么样的新闻故事？”，然后分三部分进行了分析。其中第72题是概括性词汇，根据其右表信息可知是“两类新闻故事的解释(说明)”，故第72题填Explanations。注意首字母要大写。 第二步：定位、定词、定性、定形 任务型阅读表格高度概括了原文信息，为了节约时间并且提高解题的针对性，先读表格内容，然后在原文中进行定位。定位后进行定词。定词后要定性(如名词、动词、形容词、副词)，最后定形(如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等)。,1.原文词汇类 75.根据原文第四段中的
10、“It has a kind of threat value.”可知应填threat。 77.根据原文第四段中的“When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.”可得到暗示，应填withdraw。 79.此句是对最后一段倒数第二句的转换。这可从第四段中的“he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can ada
11、pt himself only by hard work”得到暗示，填adapt。,2.转换词汇类 71.原文reward出现了多次。第一段有a reward，第三段有rewards，因此可以知道reward是可数名词。此空只能填一个词，因此填rewards。另外reward也可用作动词，还可填rewarded，表示被动，意思是“获得奖赏”。 73.根据表格内容可以将信息定位在原文第三段中的“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”。其中关键信息是wit
12、hout any of the dangers or stresses involved，关键词是involved。原文involved作后置定语，而此空前面是without actual，后面要填名词形式involvement。,74.此题是将原文第三段中“He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder，shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the winning team，laugh understandingly at a warm lit
13、tle story of children or dogs.”信息转换成题目中的“share similar feelings with those involved”。 76.根据原文第四段中的“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可得到暗示，填prepare。 80.最后一段主要讲了这两种分类不是一成不变的，也就是说这取决于读者，故填depends。,3.概括词汇类 78.文章最后一段提到的sociologist，coach，politician都是不同的职业，或者说不同的划分取决于不同的目的，故填prof
14、ession(s)/intention。 第三步：复查并将答案填在答题卡上 复查完确认没有修改之后，将试卷上所写答案填在答题卡规定区域，注意要认真书写，不能潦草。,微技能突破,转换词汇类是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对应关系要明确。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。要求考生对已锁定的关键句进行知识重组，运用多种表达方式，考查考生是否具有遣词造句的能力。常见的转换词汇题可分为：词形转换、同义(反义)表达、句型转换等。,1.词形转换 词形转换题即用不同的方式表达文中的意义，由于表达的方法
15、不同，被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同。有时所采用的词性会有所变化。如，动词与名词的转换、动词与动名词的转换、形容词与副词的转换、名词与形容词的转换等，有时还涉及短语搭配的考查。 (1)Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Social isolation means that people hardly communicate with others or stay alone.,(2)Its also important f
16、or every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career. Students who want to build a good career should attach importance to setting high academic goals.,2.同义(反义)表达 同义(反义)表达是指用不同的词组表达同一个意思或是相反的意思。这主要考查考生灵活运用英语的能力。此项考查要求我们对同义/反义词(组)互换，单个动词与动词短语的互换，单个副词与短语的互换等。 (1)The use of these resources cannot go on indefinitelywe would run out. The vast majority of resources cant be replaced and they would be used up.,(2)But they say its far from clear that social isol
