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1、 青岛市胶州湾滩涂管理问题与对策研究摘要沿海滩涂地处海陆交界地带，自然资源丰富，是我国重要的后备土地资源。积极开发利用沿海滩涂，对于缓解我国尤其是沿海地区人口与耕地的矛盾，增强食物安全保障，满足社会经济发展需求，具有重要的战略和现实意义。胶州湾是青岛市社会经济发展的重要依托，其沿岸滩涂的开发与利用，不仅有助于缓解青岛市的土地资源紧张状况，而且能够为周边居民带来丰富的粮食资源和可观的经济收益。近年来，胶州湾沿岸滩涂围垦、滩涂养殖、捕捞等开发利用活动日益频繁，给青岛市社会经济发展带来了巨大的社会和经济收益，与此同时也导致了一系列环境问题的产生，如胶州湾面积缩减、环境污染严重、生物多样性减少等，严重
2、阻碍了胶州湾沿岸经济的健康快速发展。这些问题的产生更彰显了加强胶州湾滩涂管理的必要性。然而我国目前实行的以职能管理为主体的沿海滩涂管理体制，由于其本身仍然存在着一定的问题，如管理职能分散、交叉，管理权责不清等，从而导致沿海滩涂管理过程中出现一系列的问题。事实证明，目前青岛市胶州湾滩涂管理过程中仍然存在着诸多问题，严重阻碍了胶州湾滩涂开发和管理活动的顺利进行。因此，深入剖析青岛市胶州湾滩涂管理的现状，发现胶州湾滩涂管理过程中存在的问题，分析其产生的原因并找到改善这些问题的相应对策，对于完善青岛市胶州湾滩涂管理体系，提高胶州湾滩涂管理水平，保证胶州湾滩涂管理和开发活动的顺利进行，是十分必要的。基于
3、上述现状，本文从行政管理的角度出发，在综合分析和调查研究的基础上，梳理了青岛市胶州湾滩涂管理的进程及其目前所取得的成果，阐明青岛市胶州湾滩涂管理目前面临的环境形势，从而找出胶州湾滩涂管理过程中存在的一系列问题，如缺乏专门的胶州湾滩涂管理条例、现有的胶州湾滩涂管理法规内容不完善、胶州湾滩涂管理职能交叉、胶州湾滩涂管理规划不科学、缺乏有效的胶州湾滩涂管理协调机制等。这些问题产生的原因是多方面的。本文运用管理学、经济学、行政伦理学等相关知识和内容，综合分析和探讨了这些问题产生的症结所在，如滩涂价值认识错位、滩涂管理体制不顺、滩涂利益协调机制不畅等，以期为深入认识和改善胶州湾滩涂管理的现状提供参考和建
4、议。最后，结合青岛市胶州湾滩涂管理的实际，本文建议从法律、制度、管理机构等方面采取措施来改善1 胶州湾滩涂管理的现状，如完善胶州湾滩涂管理法规体系，科学评估胶州湾滩涂管理规划，成立专门的胶州湾滩涂管理机构，强化部门间的行政协助制度等，希冀对胶州湾滩涂管理问题的改善以及胶州湾滩涂管理的优化有所帮助。关键词：胶州湾；滩涂管理；滩涂价值2 The study on the problem and countermeasure of beachmanagement of Jiaozhou Bay in QingdaoAbstractCoastal beach is located in the bou
5、ndary between the land and sea area, rich innatural resources, and is an important reserve land resources in our country. It hasimportant strategic and realistic significance for our country especially coastal areas topositive develop and utilize coastal beach, such as alleviate the contradiction of
6、population and arable land, enhance food security, and meet the demand of social andeconomic development. Jiaozhou Bay is the important basis for social and economicdevelopment of Qingdao, and the development and utilization of its coastal tidal flats,not only help to ease the tense situation of lan
7、d resources in Qingdao, but also canbring rich food resources and considerable economic benefits for the surroundingresidents. In recent years, the development and utilization activities have becomeincreasingly frequent in the coast of Jiaozhou Bay, for example beach reclamation,beach culture, fishi
8、ng, and so on, and has brought enormous social and economicbenefits to Qingdao socio-economic development, at the same time also led to a seriesof environmental problems, such as Jiaozhou Bay area reduction, severeenvironmental pollution, biodiversity decrease, which seriously hindered the healthyan
9、d rapid development of the coastal economy in Jiaozhou Bay. The emergence ofthese problems has more highlight the necessity to strengthen the management ofJiaozhou Bay beach. But the coastal beach management system currently practiced inChina is the main functional management, which itself still exi
10、st some problems, suchas management functions dispersion, cross, management power and responsibility isnot clear, leading to a series of problems appeared in the process of coastal beachmanagement. Facts have proven that there are many problems in the process ofJiaozhou Bay beach management in Qingd
11、ao, a serious impediment to themanagement and development activities of Jiaozhou Bay carried out smoothly.Therefore, it is very necessary to in-depth analysis of the Qingdao Jiaozhou Baybeach management status, find the problem existed in the process of QingdaoJiaozhou Bay beach management, analysis
12、 their reasons, and identify thecorresponding countermeasures to improve these problems, for improving the systemof Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay beach management, enhancing the level of Jiaozhou Baybeach management, and guaranteeing the management and development activities ofJiaozhou Bay beach carried out
13、smoothly.Based on the above situation, starting from the perspective of administrativemanagement, this paper combs the process of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay beachmanagement and its results achieved presently, clarifies the environmental situationQingdao Jiaozhou Bay beach management faced currently on the
14、 basis ofcomprehensive analysis and survey research, in order to identify a series of problemsexisting in the process of Jiaozhou Bay beach management, such as lack ofspecialized Jiaozhou Bay beach management regulations, the content of existing3 Jiaozhou Bay beach management regulations is imperfect, the Jiaozhou Bay beachmanagement functions in the existence of overlapping functions, the Jiaozhou Baybeach management planning is unscientific, have no effective coordinationmechanism of Jiaozhou Bay beach management, etc. There are many reasons
