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1、专业文献,1,课堂内容 专业文献的基础知识 英文专业文献的阅读和写作方法 英文专业文献的检索方法 课堂练习题的评讲,2,专业文献的基础知识 专业文献的种类 Original paper：发表于专业期刊，用于报道科学研究内容和结果 的文献。 Short paper / Communication: 简要报道研究内容和结果的文献。 Review paper：指就某一时间内，作者针对某一专题，对大量原 始研究论文中的数据、资料和主要观点进行归纳整理、分析提炼而 写成的论文。综述具有一定的深度和时间性，能反映出这一专题的 历史背景、研究现状和发展趋势，具有较高的情报学价值。,3,专业文献的基础知识 专
2、业文献（Original paper）的一般结构 Title Author Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References,4, Author Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References,专业文献的基础知识 专业文献的一般结构 Title,First author Coauthor Corresponding author,5, Author Abstract Introducti
3、on Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References,专业文献的基础知识 专业文献的一般结构 Title,An abstract, or summary, will give the reader a “preview“ of whats to come. Abstracts allow other scientists to quickly scan the large scientific literature, and decide which articles they want to read in depth.,6, A
4、uthor Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References,专业文献的基础知识 专业文献的一般结构 Title,What question did you ask in your experiment? Why is it interesting? The introduction summarizes the relevant literature so that the reader will understand why you were interested in the ques
5、tion you asked.,7, Title Author Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References,专业文献的基础知识 专业文献的一般结构,Highlight the most significant results in the Discussion section. How do these results relate to the original question? Do the data support your hypothesis? Are your resul
6、ts consistent with what other investigators have reported?,8, Author Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References,专业文献的基础知识 专业文献的一般结构 Title,This section is optional. You can thank those who either helped with the experiments, or made other important contributions, suc
7、h as discussing the protocol, commenting on the manuscript, or buying you pizza.,9,Reading a scientific research paper, Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion, Title Abstract Introduction Results (Tables and Figures) Discussion Methods,10, Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results
8、Discussion, Methods Results Discussion Introduction Abstract Title,Writing a scientific research paper,11,Writing a scientific research paper The very first decision you need to make is to which journal you intend to submit. Many factors are involved in the decision (e.g. impact of the journal vs pr
9、obability of acceptance; publication lag; desired audience, etc) Once you decide, read the journals “Instructions for authors”. Ensure that you follow all of these to the letter. Peruse some published papers to acquaint yourself with the journals style. This is much easier than reading the formattin
10、g instructions.,12,Writing a scientific research paper Title Make your title specific enough to describe the contents of the paper, but not so technical that only specialists will understand. The title should be appropriate for the intended audience. This should be as short as possible but should al
11、so give a clear indication of the papers content. The title usually describes the subject matter of the article: “Effect of diabetes on the rate of protein synthesis in tissues of the rat in vivo” Sometimes a title that summarizes the results is more effective: “Diabetes resulted in a slight fall in
12、 the RNA to protein ratio in liver of the rat”,13,Writing a scientific research paper Abstract No longer than 100-250 words. Should factually describe the purpose, techniques, results and implications. No details of methods . It should grab attention and create a desire to read on. Write it last, wh
13、en you know whats in the paper. Introduction Places the study in the context of previous research but tells only what the reader needs to know to understand the present work. One to four paragraphs should be enough. End with a sentence explaining the specific question you asked in this experiment.,1
14、4,Writing a scientific research paper Methods and Materials Methods is the easiest and can be started even when the research is unfinished. So start there . Must be specific enough to permit replication. If you had a complicated protocol, it may helpful to include a diagram or table to explain the m
15、ethods you used. Do not put results in this section. You may, however, include preliminary results that were used to design the main experiment that you are reporting on. (“In a preliminary study, I observed the owls for one week, and found that 73 % of their locomotor activity occurred during the night, and so I conducted all subsequent experiments between 11 pm and 6 am.“),15,Writing a scientific research paper Methods and Materials Mention relevant ethical considerations. If you used human subjects, did they consent to participate. If you used animals, what measures did you take to minim
