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1、1.中国有14.04亿人,是世界上人口最多的国家。China is the worlds most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion.2.中国国土面积约960万平方公里,陆地面积位居世界第二位。Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres (3.7 million square miles), it is the worlds second-largest state by land area.3.中国下辖22个省,5个自治区和4个直辖市以及香港和澳
2、门特别行政区,对台湾拥有主权。It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau, also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan.4.中国在华北平原肥沃的黄河盆地成为了世界上最早的文明古国之一。China emerged as one of the worlds earliest civ
3、ilizations in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain.5.自那时起,中国历经多次领土扩张,分裂和重新统一。Since then, China has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times.6.自从1978年实行经济改革以来,中国的经济增速一直位居世界前列。Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, Chinas economy has been one of the wor
4、lds fastest-growing.7.截止到 2016 年,按名义 gdp 计算,中国成为世界第二大经济体,按购买力平价计算,中国是世界第一大经济体。As of 2016, it is the worlds second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).8.中国还是世界第一大货物出口国和第二大货物进口国。China is also the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods.9.中国是
5、一个强国,在亚洲是一个区域大国,已经被定性为一个潜在的超级大国。China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.10.甲骨文是中国目前发现的最古老的汉字,现代汉字就是直接从甲骨文演变而来的。The oracle bone script represents the oldest form of Chinese writing yet found, and is a direct ancestor of moder
6、n Chinese characters.11.周国被削弱后许多国家最终独立,在为期300年的春秋时期相互交战不断。Many independent states eventually emerged from the weakened Zhou state and continually waged war with each other in the 300-year Spring and Autumn period.12.到了公元前5到公元前3世纪的战国时期,在今天的中国版图上出现了战国七雄。By the time of the Warring States period of the
7、5th3rd centuries bce, there were seven powerful sovereign states in what is now China.13.中国的第一个皇帝秦始皇比较出名的地方是将战国时期各国的城墙连接起来形成了长城,不过,如今大部分长城都是明朝修建的。China s First Emperor, Qin Shi Huang, is famed for having united the Warring States walls to form the Great Wall of China. Most of the present structure,
8、however, dates to the Ming dynasty.14.秦国于公元前 221 年打败了其他六国,建立了第一个统一的中国,标志着战国时期的结束。The Warring States period ended in 221 bce after the state of Qin conquered the other six kingdoms and established the first unified Chinese state.15.他在全国实行了法家改革,比较著名的就是强行统一汉字,度量衡和货币。He enacted Qins legalist reforms thr
9、oughout China, notably the forced standardization of Chinese characters, measurements, and currency.16.秦朝仅仅持续了 15 年,在始皇帝去世后,由于他采取的严酷专制政策造成大规模反抗,秦朝很快就覆亡了。The Qin dynasty lasted only fifteen years, falling soon after the First Emperors death, as his harsh authoritarian policies led to widespread rebel
10、lion.17.汉朝统治下的中国成为当时世界上最大的经济体,尽管汉朝最开始实施去中央集权化并正式废弃秦朝的法家理念,采取儒家思想,但是汉朝以及之后的朝代依然继续采用秦朝的法家体制机制和政策。Han China gradually became the largest economy of the ancient world. Despite the Hans initial decentralization and the official abandonment of the Qin philosophy of Legalism in favor of Confucianism, Qins
11、legalist institutions and policies continued to be employed by the Han government and its successors.18.汉朝灭亡后,出现了“三国争霸”的时期,核心人物后来成为了中国四大名著之一三国演义里的人物原型。After the end of the Han dynasty, a period of strife known as Three Kingdoms followed, whose central figures were later immortalized in one of the Fo
12、ur Classics of Chinese literature.19.隋朝让汉人重新执掌中国的统治权,实施了农业和经济改革,修建了大运河,并扶持佛教的发展。The Sui restored the Han to power through China, reformed its agriculture and economy, constructed the Grand Canal, and patronized Buddhism.20.在之后的唐宋时期,中国的经济,科技和文化进入了发展的黄金时期。大唐帝国恢复了对西域和丝绸之路的控制,使得长安成为一个大都会。Under the succe
13、eding Tang and Song dynasties, Chinese economy, technology, and culture entered a golden age.The Tang Empire returned control of the Western Regions and the Silk Road, and made the capital Changan a cosmopolitan urban center.21.但是,公元8世纪爆发的安史之乱对唐朝造成重创,唐朝由此衰弱。However, it was devastated and weakened by
14、 the An Shi Rebellion in the 8th century.22 .907年,地方军事长官变得难以掌控,唐朝彻底瓦解了。In 907, the Tang disintegrated completely when the local military governors became ungovernable.23.宋朝是世界历史上第一个发行纸币的政府,也是中国第一个建立常设海军的政体,这主要得益于发达的造船业和海上贸易。The Song was the first government in world history to issue paper money and
15、the first Chinese polity to establish a permanent standing navy which was supported by the developed shipbuilding industry along with the sea trade.24.公元10到11世纪,中国人口翻了一番,达到约1亿人,这主要得益于中国中部和南部水稻种植面积的扩大和大量粮食盈余。Between the 10th and 11th centuries, the population of China doubled in size to around 100 mi
16、llion people, mostly because of the expansion of rice cultivation in central and southern China, and the production of abundant food surpluses.25.在唐朝蓬勃发展的佛教到了宋朝也出现了复兴。在宋朝时期,山水画艺术和瓷器工艺达到了新水平,更加成熟和复杂,哲学和艺术领域由此迎来了鼎盛发展。The Song dynasty also saw a revival of Confucianism, in response to the growth of Buddhism during the Tang, and a flourishing of philosophy and the arts, as landscape art and porcelain were brought to
