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1、简单句,并列句和复合句,I. 句子的分类（按结构）,1. 简单句 （Simple Sentences）,2. 并列句 （Compound Sentences）,按结构可分为：,3. 复合句 （Complex Sentences）,II. 句子的分类（按用途）,句子按用途可分为： 陈述句 （Declarative Sentences） 疑问句 （Interrogative Sentences） 祈使句 （Imperative Sentences） 感叹句 （Exclamatory Sentences）,1. 简单句,例句：1. She goes to work every day. 2. Tom
2、 and I found her there. 3. We all breathe, eat and work. 4. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for wall newspapers.,说明：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语 （或并列谓语）构成的句子。,简单句的五种基本句型,1）主语 + 谓语（vi.） 例如： I work. 我工作。,2）主语 + 谓语（系动词） + 表 例如： John is busy. 约翰忙。,3）主语 + 谓语（vt.） + 宾 例如： She studies English. 她学英语。,4）主语 +
3、 谓语（vt.） + 宾语 + 宾补 例如： He always makes us laugh. 他总是让我们发笑,5）主语 + 谓语（vt.） + 间宾 + 直宾 例如： My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。,2. 并列句,例句：1. I often help her and she helps me, too. 2. Harry likes eggs, but he doesnt like chicken. 3. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 区别比较：She likes draw
4、ing and often draws pictures for wall newspapers.,说明：由并列连词（如：and, so, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。,并列句的分类,1.并列连词and, then, not onlybut also等连接联合并列句,用not onlybut also 时，前面一句要用部分倒装 。例如: 1）Use your head, and youll find a way 2）Not only does he want to come, but the students also need him.,并列连
5、词but, while, yet等连接转折并列句。例如:（09北京）21. John plays basketball well, _ his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for,C,3. 并列连词or, eitheror, otherwise 等连接选择并列句。 如: Either you leave this house or Ill call the police. Hurry up, or you will miss the train.,4. 并列连词so, for, therefore等连接因果关系并列句。
6、如: It was late, so we went home. It rained, therefore the game was called off.,注意： 在“祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句”结构中,当前后 两部分为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反 关系时,用or。如果将前面的祈使句转换成由 if引导的条件状语从句, 要将and 或or 去掉。 例如: Hurry up, and well be there in time. = If we hurry up, well be there in time.,2. 并列连词so 不能与because连用; 并列连词 but不能
7、和although或 though连用。,3. 复合句,说明：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 的句子,从句是主句的一成分。复合句包括名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句、状语从句。,例句：1. I believe you are right. 2. If he studies harder, he will pass the exam. 3. The man who is playing basketball is Yaoming. 4. The reason is that I dont love you any more. What I need is e
8、nough money. The news that I have passed the English test is true.,简单句、并列句和复合句考点评析,简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型，在阅读中需有时要借助于划分句子成分来理解句子的意思，在书面表达中如果没有基本的遣词造句能力是无法用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。 高考对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要体现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, or ,but, 以及定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句的连接词，关联词。,II. 句子的分类（按用途）,句子按用途可分为： 陈述句 （Declarative Sentences） 疑问句 （Int
9、errogative Sentences） 祈使句 （Imperative Sentences） 感叹句 （Exclamatory Sentences）,用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。(肯定和否定)， 句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, nothing, nobody, nowhere等词时, 应视为否定句。,1. 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）,例如： 1) Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。（说明事实） 2) The film is rather
10、boring. 这部电影很乏味。（说明看法） 3) She didnt hear of you before. 4) I could hardly hear anything.,用来提出请求，建议或发出命令，肯定的祈使句用动词原形开头，否定的祈使句用Dont 或 Never +动词原形开头。例如： 1. Sit down, please! 2. Dont be nervous!,2. 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）,有些祈使句还可以没有动词。例如：Silence! No parking!,有时为了加强语气还可以在动词前面用上助动词do。 例如：Do come earlier
11、, please!,表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，常用what 或how来引导。常见的句型结构是： What + 名词 +主语+谓语！ How +形容词或副词 +主语+谓语！,例如： 1) What good news it is! 2) What a silly question he asked! 3) How cool it is today! 4) How hard the students are working!,3. 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）,a. 一般疑问句（General Questions）：常指用yes或no回答的句子，常把助动词be、ha
12、ve、do或情态动词等提到主语之前，例如： Can you finish the work in time? Are you a student? Do you like English?,用来提出问题, 有以下四种：,4. 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）,b. 特殊疑问句（Special Questions）：指用 what, how, when, which, where, how many, how much,等疑问词开头的疑问句，不能用yes或no回答，例如： Where do you live? How many students are there in
13、your class?,c. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： 这种疑问句通常提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择，供选择的部分常用or 连接。例如： 1. Would you like some tea or coffee? 2. Which jacket did he buy, the green one or the red one?,d. 反意疑问句（Tag Questions）：在陈述句后附上一个简短问句，表示说话者对所叙述的事实虽有一定见解，但没有把握，提出疑问，希望得到对方的证实。常见句型结构是：前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定两种。要注意陈述句中的否定有多
14、种形式，除了用not之外，还可以用hardly, few, little, never, seldom, nobody, nothing, nowhere等词表示否定，但否定的前缀和后缀不算否定。,例如： 1) Work is a big part of your life, isnt it? 2) They all had a good time, didnt they? 3) She dislikes pets, doesnt she? 4) He doesnt know her, does he? 5) Nobody came here just now, did they? 6) To
15、m can hardly cook, can he?,巩固练习,一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room. 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the even
16、ing.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important. 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,二、用适当的词填空,1. Give me one more minute _ I will be able to finish it. 2._joyful he was to meet his brother
