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1、Unit 4,Text I A View of Mountains,Nuclear technology,There is a great deal of public concern about its dangers and possible implications. Therefore, every application of nuclear technology is reviewed with care. How much do you know about nuclear technology?,Nuclear technology,Nuclear technology is
2、technology that involves the reactions of atomic nuclei. It has found applications from smoke detectors to nuclear reactors, and from gun sights to nuclear weapons.,Pre-reading questions,1. Some people think possessing nuclear weapons threatens the existence of mankind others think it serves as good
3、 deterrence to prevent countries from going to war. Are you for or against nuclear weapons? Why? 2. Do you think nuclear energy is a safe and economical source of energy? Explain. 3. Would you live in a place that has a nuclear power plant nearby? Give reasons.,The Pros and Cons of Nuclear Energy,Ad
4、vantages: 1.Reduction in air pollution: a coal-fire plant releases much more radioactivity, co2 and other elements into the atmosphere than a properly-functioning nuclear power plant does. Nuclear energy is extremely clean and not poisonous; 2. Medical application: nuclear techniques for the diagnos
5、is of many diseases, such as leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, iodine deficiencies, and sickle cell diseases.,Disadvantages: Mining and purifying uranium has not been a very clean process; Improperly functioning nuclear power plants can create big problems, like the Chernobyl disaster. Chernobyl scatte
6、red tons of radioactive dust into the atmosphere. (切尔诺贝利在1986年因核事故而被废弃) Transporting nuclear fuel to and from plants poses some risk.,切尔诺贝利在1986年因核事故而被废弃,Chernobyl disaster,1986年4月26日凌晨1点23分，在乌克兰基辅州普里皮亚特发生，是历史上最严重的核能发电厂意外事故。 由于切尔诺贝利发电厂没有保护掩体，导致受到核辐射尘污染的云层飘往前苏联西部的部分地区、西欧、东欧、斯堪地那维亚半岛、不列颠群岛和北美东部部分地区。此外
7、，在乌克兰、白俄罗斯及俄罗斯境内遭受到严重的核污染，超过336,000名的居民被迫撤离。 依据前苏联的官方报告，约60%受到辐射尘污染的地区皆位于白俄罗斯境内，但根据2006年的TORCH报告指出，半数的辐射尘都落在前述的三个前苏联国家以外。这次灾难所释放出的辐射线剂量是投在广岛的原子弹的400倍以上。,Background Information of the test 1. about the text This text is the epilogue from Jonathan Schells book The Gift of Time: The Cause for Abolishin
8、g Nuclear weapons Now published by Henry Holt& Co. in 1998. 2. about the author Jonathan Schell is the author of The Village of Ben Sue and The Fate of the Earth. He was a writer for the New Yorker from 1967 to 1987 and a columnist for Newsday from 1990 to 1996. He teaches at Wesleyan University and
9、 the New School, and is the Harold Willens Peace Fellow at The Nation Institute.,3. The Nagasaki is a city which is the seaport in southwest Japan(长崎) and is one the two cities that got nuclear bombing in the War II. 4. The Hiroshima is a city which is the seaport in southwest Japan(广岛) and is the o
10、ther city that got nuclear bombing in the War II. 5. The Kokura refers to a seaport in Kitakyushu(九洲),Japan(小仓).,Cultural notes: Jap proper names,Regular in certain sense 姓名用汉字时，姓前名后：山端 庸介 姓名用字母时，姓后名前：Yosuke Yamahata （这是明治维新之后日本人脱亚入欧的做法之一） 姓名、地名中的汉字，既有训读（Kunyomi, or semantic borrowing），又有音读，不规则的地方不少
11、，因为存在“一对多”或“多对一”现象。,Learn some rules,Ysuke= Y （庸）+ suke （介） 庸是音读（onyomi），而介是训读 Rynosuke Akutagawa （芥川龙之介） Ry=龙，no=之，suke=介 Akuta=芥，gawakawa=川,Yosuke Yamahata 山端庸介,Most widely held works about Yosuke Yamahata Sarinagara : roman by Philippe Forest (Book) Nagasaki journey the photographs of Yosuke Yama
12、hata : a photography exhibition touring internationally 1995-1996,Language work,dispatch: (formal) to send someone or sth. somewhere for a particular purpose；to send off to a destination A reporter was dispatched to Naples to cover the riot. 美国朋友们给他寄去了好几包裹食品。 Parcels of food were ed to him by A. 政府正
13、准备派出4000士兵对全岛进行搜索。 The gov. was preparing to 4, 000 s.,constitute: 1) compose; form. be the componets or essence of; make up form 组成，构成 e,g. Meat，milk，vegetables，fruit and starches constitute a balanced diet.肉类、牛奶、蔬菜、水果以及淀粉质食物构成了均衡饮食。 Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the earths atmostphere. 2) be equal t
14、o It is up to the teacher to decide what constitutes satisfactory work.,constitute为正式用语，意为“若干部分构成一个整体”，一般不用于被动语态，如:54 cards constitute a pack. 54张卡片组成一副纸牌。compose意为“一个整体由若干部分组成或由哪些要素构成”，常用短语为be composed of，如:Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢和氧构成的。 comprise也为正式用语，不仅有“整体由若干部分构成”的意思，也不用于被动语
15、态，如:The book comprises ten chapters. 这本书有十章。 Studying and doing experiments _ practically the whole of his life. 研究和做实验几乎就是他生活的全部内容。,brand v. mark with hot iron; impress firmly打烙印;铭记，铭刻 Imagery of the war has branded itself into the national consciousness.战争的印象深深地铭刻在人民的脑海里。 (点拔)其宾语后面接介词as,意为“指为;使显得”
16、，如: They branded him as a liar.他们指他为说谎者。 Her hairstyle branded her as old fashioned. 她的发型使她显得守旧。 其宾语后面接介词on，意为“铭记，如: Brand the lesson on your mind.牢记这个教训。,survive v. remain alive or in existence; live longer than; outlive 活着，继续存在;比活得长 He was the only passenger that survived the plane crash. 他是这次飞机失事中惟一幸存的乘客。 （点拨）意为“比某人多活年”时，介词用by，如: 她比他丈夫多活了十年。 She survived her husband by ten years.,intact adj. remaining sound,entire, or uninjured; not impaired in any
