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1、,虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood,Contents,总述,虚拟语气在条件句中的用法,虚拟语气在从句中的用法,1,2,3,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法,条件句分为两类： We will succeed if we study hard. 如果我们好好学习， 我们会成功的。 If I were a bird, I would fly in the sk
2、y. 我要是只鸟， 我会在空中飞。,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were),主语+should,would, might,could动词 原形,If+主语+had +过去分词,主语should, would, might, could have done,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,主语should, would might, could动词 原形,eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried
3、,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.,如果我是你，我就会努力学习,如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了,如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛,If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.,If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.,If it rainedshould rainwere to rain, we would call off t
4、he match.,More practice:,1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.（00, 49） A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt be 2. If your car _ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer. （98, 43） A. shall need B. should need C
5、. would need D. will need 1.C 2.B,3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn. (09, 52) A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been 4. _ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (02, 60） A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was
6、it not D. Were it not 3.B 4.A,5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. A.would be B. will have been C. was D. were 6.If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you _ so bad now. A. wouldnt have felt B. dont feel C. wouldnt be feeling D. arent
7、 feeling 5.A 6. C,虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装,若符合下面条件，可以省略if： 必须是非真实条件句，真实条件句不可省略if。 只有当非真实条件句中有were, had, should, would等词时，才可以省略if。 省略if时，主语与were, had, should 的位置必须相互调换。 例：If I should meet her, I would tell her. =should I meet her, I would tell her. If I were in your position, I would do it better. =Were I in you
8、r position ,I would do it better.,1. _,I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 2._ electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve the complicated problem. A. Had B. Have C. Has D. Were 1.C 2.A,3. Had Judy be
9、en more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. (08, 52) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 4. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand ? (04,54) A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would y
10、ou have been surprised 3. D 4. D,错综时间条件句,比较： 主句与从句发生的时间不同 If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be all right now. 如果你那时听医生的话，你现在已经好了。 从句：过去时 主句：现在时 主句与从句发生的时间相同 if you had followed the doctors advice, you would have been all right then. 如果你那时听医生的话，你那时就好了。 从句：过去时 主句：过去时,虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的使用,1、用
11、with，without, but for, 等介词短语，分词短语或者独立主格结构来替代条件从句。 例如：we might have died without your help. =we might have died if you hadnt helped us. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们早就死了。 Having known in time, we could have stopped it. =if we had known in time, we could have stopped it. 如果我们及时知道的话，我们就有可能阻止它。,虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的使用,I had my h
12、air cut off and sold it because I couldnt have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. = if I hadnt given you a present,1.Without the leadership of the Party, there _no New China. A. would be B. has been C. should be D. was 1.A,虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的使用,2、用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构在条件句中除常见的连词if之外，尚有下列连词：
13、Otherwise否则,不然 in case 假如 But that 要不是 on condition (that)条件是 Unless 除非 suppose/supposing (that)假如 So long as 只要 provide/providing (that)如果 例：I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. = I was busy last week. If I had not been busy last week, I would have come to see you.,虚拟语气在含蓄条
14、件句中的使用,eg：I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then. 那时我应该再多给你些钱，可是那时我很穷。,I would have given you more money , If I were rich then. But I was so poor then.,3.省略整个条件句 -Such mistakes could have been avoided. (省略了if we had been more careful). 这样的错误本来是能够避免的。 -I should have caught the trai
15、n. (省略了if I had left a little earlier) 我本应该赶上火车的。,二、虚拟语气在从句中的用法,1、在宾语从句中的用法 在suggest，insist，order，demand，request，command，propose，desire等动词后作宾语从句，表示欲望，建议，命令等时，用虚拟语气。 句型 主语+（should）+动词原形 例如： He proposes that we (should) work out a plan first. 他建议我们先定一个计划。,1.在宾语从句中的用法,注意：suggest 的用法 He suggest that she should leave the house at once. His face suggested that he was angry.,15.The young man insisted that he _nothing wrong and _ free. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 16.Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. were C.
