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1、Course descriptionThis is a course to give the students a general introduction to the natures of C-E translation, the basic methods or skills of C-E Translation. Many exercises are done in class and outside class so as to train students ability of translation, hoping that, at the end of the course,
2、the students can have a practical understanding of how to do C-E translation, and achieve the translation level suggested by English Majors teaching outline, that is, to translate 250-300 words per hour with the translation being faithful, smooth, and readable.第一讲 汉英语言对比1. The concepts of parataxis
3、& hypotaxis;2. Parataxis & hypotaxis in English and Chinese;3. Parataxis & hypotaxis in E-C and C-E translationThe concepts of parataxis & hypotaxis1、英语重物称，汉语重人称；英语重静态，汉语重动态；英语重被动，汉语重主动；英语重主语，汉语重主题等；2、英汉语最重要的区别是英语重形parataxis语重意合hypotaxis 3、形合（ parataxis ）：The dependent or subordinate construction or
4、 relationship of clauses with connectives; e.g. I shall despair if you dont come.(用连接词体现分句之间的依附或从属关系的结构，如：我会很失望如果你不来。)4、意合（ hypotaxis ）： The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them; e.g. The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed awa
5、y.分句之间不靠关联词而依仗次序来体现相互关系，如：下雨了，河水泛滥，冲毁了房屋)1、“中国语里多用意合法，联结成分并非必须；西文多用形合法，联结成分在大多数情况下是不可缺少的”。-王力2、英语重形合，意思是指英语语言符号之间有较强的逻辑关系，语言信息的表达依靠符号按一定的语法逻辑关系排列组合，通过各种有形的联结手段来传达一定的意思。3、英语词汇中就有通过词的形式变化，如派生词、名词复数形式、动词的各种时态形式和人称代词格的形式，来表示意义的变化。在句子结构上，句子的各个成分要由各种连接词（and,but,because,so,etc.）、介词（of, with, in,etc.），关系词（w
6、ho,when,where,which,that, how,etc.）和状语功能的分词结构（-ed和-ing）等连接起来，句子组织严密，层次紧紧扣接，呈现空间性树形结构。例如：-What is equally questionable is whether a college degree, as such, is proper evidence that those new skills that are truly needed will be delivered.4、相比之下，汉语重意合结构比较松散，很少用连接词，多用小句。句子简洁明快，干净利落，句子结构呈流散铺排式。例如： 车未停稳，
7、切勿上下。近闻夫人健康如常，颇感欣慰。It is a supreme comfort to me when I am informed that you are as healthy as ever. 亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。 It is not too late to mend the fold even after some sheep have been lost风住了，路上还很静，我走着，一面想，几乎不敢想到我自己。 The wind stopped and the road was still quiet. As I walked along thinking, I hardly dar
8、ed to think about myself.Grasp all, lose all. 如果样样都抓，就会一样也抓不到。1. You have little cause to make excessive demands from others and make yourself disappointed in return. 1、对人太苛求，没有什么道理，自己也容易失望。2. I weakened, softened by my mothers ever-lasting love that had never been reciprocated with love. In the end
9、, I decided to enroll in the Chinese Department, following my mothers wish. 2、我软化了，我被母亲那颗永远充满了爱而又从来缺少爱的心软化了。我终于决定按照母亲的愿望，报考中文系。3. At the age of twenty, its better to be famous before its too late, I believed. What would be the spice of life for a person deserted by fame when approaching thirty? Afte
10、r thirty, fame seems still beyond reach, yet being as rich as my boss at forty becomes my new dream. 3、二十岁的时候，我想出名要趁早，一个人到了三十岁还籍籍无名那还活个什么劲儿呀？三十岁之后，名是不指望了，只是希望在四十岁的时候能像我的老板一样有钱。4. If I had known it, I would not have come here.4、早知如此，我就不来了。5. China is a country with 5,000 years of civilization. Theref
11、ore, it is important to approach China from a historical and cultural perspective. 5、中国是一个有五千年文明历史的国家，从历史文化来了解和认识中国，是一个重要的视角。6.This is only my personal view, which might be wrong. Thank you very much!6、这是我个人的想法，不见得恰当。谢谢！7. Here, I would like to make some observations on Chinas textile export, which
12、I hope will help you understand the present situation better. Here, I would like to make an account on the export of Chinas textile products in the hope that all of you will have a clearer picture on the present situation.7、这里，我想就中国纺织品出口的问题谈些看法，希望有助于诸位对现状的了解。8.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the
13、 feudal rulers adopted a policy of seclusion, which hampered Chinas progress and its exchanges with the outside world.8、明清两个朝代，封建统治者实行闭关锁国政策，阻碍了中国的进步和中外交流。9. Because the work was so hard, we were very grateful to him.9、工作非常不易，我们很感激他。As the weather was fine, we decided to hold the reception in the op
14、en air.10、天气很好，我们决定举行露天招待会。36Dynamic vs. StativeEnglish: noun advantagehigh frequency of noun usage stative narrationChinese: verb advantagehigh frequency of verb usage dynamic narrationeg. He is a chain-smoker of cigarettes. (stative)He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic)There are white
15、clouds in the blue sky. (stative)White clouds are floating in the blue sky. (dynamic)夸奖一回，奉承一回，把老太太的心都说活了。（红楼梦）All their praise and flattery are having some effect on the old lady.当时一个朋友对我说，北京戏最好，你不去见见世面吗？（社戏）A friend told me Beijing had the best opera that seeing it was an experience not to be miss
16、ed.这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有巨大的力量。This fully testifies that the independent national spirit of the Chinese people has tremendous strength.This is a full testimony to the tremendous strength of the independent national spirit of the Chinese people.扫除了这些障碍，中美关系就可以更好地发展，可以给双方带来更大的经济利益。If these barriers are cleared away, Sino-US relatio
