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1、,安全环保部,HOT WORK 热作业专项培训,WELDING焊接,and,CUTTING打磨,WELDING is a process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the work pieces and a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, but sometime
2、s pressure is used in conjunction or by itself, to produce the weld. 焊接是通过普通金属的热聚合来连接材料的过程。一般通过溶解工件和填充材料来形成一个溶解材料填充池，通过冷却是它变成坚固的连接点，但是有时候也通过压力来造成连接，或者它自身来形成 焊缝。,DEFINITION 定义,COMMON TYPES OF WELDING 普通的 焊接,Electric shock 电击 Fumes and gases 烟和气 Welding sparks 焊渣 Arc rays 电弧光,GENRAL WELDING HAZARDS HA
3、ZARDS 焊接中的危害,Confined space 受限空间 General work area/Falls总的工作区域/坠落 Electric and magnetic fields 电气和磁场 Area Conditions/Fire 工作场所/火灾,GENRAL WELDING HAZARDS HAZARDS 焊接中的危害,电弧焊,电极,弧,焊把线,焊机,回流,作业点,8,Potential Hazards: 潜在的风险 Unprotected combustible materials exposed to hot work. 在动火作业区域有未保护的可燃材料 Fire and e
4、xplosion hazards. 火灾和爆炸 Failure to recognize flammable materials such as rubber, foam insulation, wiring, deck covering, wallboard. 对易燃材料错误的判断，例如橡胶、泡沫绝缘，电线、面板敷料，墙板等,General Hot Works Hazards 总的动火作业风险,9,Potential Hazards: 潜在的风险 Spark-producing devices not observed by user. 未使用火花产生装置。 Burning of mater
5、ials causing toxic gases or atmospheres. 燃烧的材料产生有毒有害气体 oxygen-deficent and oxygen enriched atmospheres while performing hot work. 动火作业时氧气不足或氧气过分充足。,General Hot Works Hazards 总的动火作业风险,10,Potential Hazards: 潜在的风险 Performing hot work in non-designated locations. 在非指定区域动火作业 Protective covers that have b
6、een moved, become deteriorated, contaminated, or unsuitable for the purpose. 因为破损、污损或者工作不合适而移走防护罩 Fuel line and oxygen hose breakage. 燃料和氧气的软管破损,General Hot Works Hazards 总的动火作业风险,11,Factors to Consider 考虑的因素,Wetness / Welder in or work piece / Confined space 雨天/焊工站在工件上/受限空间,Precautions 预防,Good elec
7、trical connection, Electrode holder and cable properly insulated 良好的电气连接，焊把和电源线绝缘 All electrical connections to welders, power supply to electrode holder clamps and earthing connection must be made only with the circuit open 在电源接通的状况下，保持电源连同焊机，电力通过焊把，以及接地，形成一个回路。,ELECTRIC WELDING SHOCK 电焊-电击,12,Cabl
8、es and connectors to be capable of handling the maximum possible current 电缆和连接器要能够承受最大的电流 The earth wire must be connected as close as possible to the element to be welded using pliers, clmaps or other systems which garantee good contact 通过接地棒、夹子和其它的系统使接地线牢固,ELECTRIC WELDING SHOCK 电焊-电击,Grounds shal
9、l not be connected to handrails, stairs, or from steel power or lighting towers, or on any active oil, gas, steam, air, or chemical line: in live plant area ask to plant-owner for suitable ground point 不允许将接地与栏杆，阶梯，金属动力或者灯车，以及油类，气体，蒸汽，空气或者化学品管线连接，与激活的设备连接需要与设备所有者确定合适的接地点。 Ground machine frames: insp
10、ect all grounds for mechanical strength adequacy 接地设备框架：检查所有的接地是否牢固。 Insulate welder from work piece and ground, particularly from wet area 将焊机与工作场所隔离，尤其是潮湿的区域。,Wear dry, hole free gloves 佩戴干燥的没有破损的手套。 Dont touch electrically “hot” parts or electrode or electrically live parts 不要触摸电源过热的区域或者焊条以及电源流通部
11、件 Always inspect the electrode holder before turning the welder on 在打开焊机前，检查焊把 When working at height, use a safety harness 高处作业使用安全带,Instruct employees to do also the following: 遵循以下指令 Open power switch when leaving, stopping for appreciable times, and moving machines 在离开，长时间停止作业以及移动设备的时候，关闭电源开关 Wh
12、en not in use, remove electrodes from holders and place holders where they cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting objects 当不使用时，从焊把上移走焊条，不要将焊把放在金属面或与人体接触的地方。,ELECTRIC WELDING SHOCK 电焊 电击,Do not dip hot holders in water for cooling 不要将热焊把放进水里冷却 Report faulty equipment to supervis
13、or 将破损的设备报告给管理人员 Shield operations with screens that protect other workers 使用防护屏风,ELECTRIC WELDING SHOCK 电焊 电击,Treatment for Electrical Shock: 救援电击者 Turn off the power 关闭电源 Use non-conducting material, such as wood, to pull the victim 使用绝缘体如木头等拉动受害者 If the victim is not breathing, administer cardiop
14、ulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after breaking contact ONLY IF TRAINED TO DO SO 如果受害者没有呼吸，只有受过培训的人允许使用心肺复苏术。,Call a physician and continue CPR until breathing starts or until a physician arrives 呼叫医生，继续实施心肺复苏术，直到受害者有呼吸或者医生到达 Treat an electrical burn as a thermal burn by applying clean, cold(iced) compr
15、esses 通过清洗，冷敷（冰）挤压等来治疗电击烧伤 Prevent contamination and cover the burn with a clean, dry dressing 使用干净的，干燥的布清理和覆盖烧伤部位。,2. Fumes and gases,Factors to Consider 考虑因素,Confined area. 受限区域 Positioning of welders head. 焊机头部的位置 Lack of general ventilation.缺少通风 Electrode types. 焊条类型 Base metal coatings, galvani
16、se, paint. 基础金属的外衣，镀锌，和油漆,FUMES AND GASES 烟气,Precautions预防,Use ventilation or exhaust. 使用通风和排气装置 Use helmet and positioning of head.使用护罩和规范焊机头部位置 Read warnings on electrode container. 阅读焊条容器上的警告 Provide additional ventilation / exhaust . 提供额外的通风/排气 Use special care - welding in a confined area. 特别关注-受限区域的焊接 Do not weld unless ventilation is adequate. 在没有足够通风情况下不要焊接 Keep your head out of fumes.远离烟气,FUMES AND GASES 烟气,Nitrogen oxide
