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1、Chapter 1 Introduction 第一章 绪 论,第一节 锅炉设备的作用、构造和工作原理 1.1 The Function, Configuration and working process of Boiler 第二节 锅炉的主要特性参数及型号 1.2 Boiler performance parameters and boiler type 第三节 锅炉分类 1.3 Boiler classification 第四节 锅炉的安全和经济指标 1.4 Boiler safety and economic index 第五节 工业锅炉房设备的组成 1.5 Industrial boi
2、ler room system 第六节 锅炉发展简史 1.6 The general developing situation of boiler,Energy source: Electric power Industry: chemical, paper, Energy saving: heat recovery Environmental protection: de-SO2, de-NOx,Monticello Steam Electric Station,Martin Lake Steam Electric Station 860MW,Taxes, US American map,1
3、.1 Function, Configuration and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,Energy conversion in a power plant 火电厂中能量转换过程,Steam generator (Boiler) Steam turbine Generator,锅炉：化学能热能 汽轮机：热能机械能 发电机：机械能电能,1. 火力发电厂生产过程 The working process of a power plant,锅炉系统(西交大),Energy conversion in a power plant 火电厂中能量
4、转换过程,Lets watch a flash Arizona State University,1. 火力发电厂生产过程 The working process of a power plant,1.1 Function, Configuration and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,Whats the Boiler (Steam generators)什么是锅炉? A boiler is a device for heating water and generating steam above atmospheric press
5、ure. 生产蒸汽或热水的换热设备 Working fluid (water or other fluid) in a closed vessel is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications. 工质在封闭容器中加热，并供给各种热用户,Whats the Boiler (Steam generators) The boiler consists of a compartment where the fuel is bur
6、ned and a compartment where water can be evaporated into steam for a variety of application. 锅炉包括锅和炉两部分：炉子燃烧，锅用于加热工质 Steamer is a closed vessel with high temperature, high pressure 汽锅是一种高温高压设备 Furnaces: firing different fuels: Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), biomass, et al. 可供炉内燃烧的燃料有：化石燃料(煤、
7、油、天然气)、生物质等,1.1 Function, Configuration and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,1.1 Function, Configuration and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,thermodynamics,Simple kettle boiler,2. The function of Boiler 锅炉的作用 Primary function is to convert chemical or nuclear energy bound in t
8、he fuel to heat and produce High-T, High-P steam. 使燃料在炉内燃烧放热，并将锅内工质由水加热成具有足够数量和质量(T, P, 纯净度)的过热蒸汽，供汽轮机使用。 Primary among these are electric power generation and industrial process heating 主要用途发电和工业加热. Energy source: electric power 能源：电力 Industry: chemical, paper 工业：化学、造纸 Energy saving: heat recovery
9、节能：余热利用 Environmental protection: De-SO2, De-NOx 环保,1.1 Function, Configuration and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,3. Boiler shape 锅炉的型式 In order to accomplish these different tasks, different types of boilers were developed: 开发了不同型式的锅炉 Small package boiler (fig. 1-1): factory-assembled
10、, fully automated gas-fired boiler, which can supply saturated steam for a hospital. 快装锅炉 750 t/d mass-fired refuse power boiler (fig. 1-4) 废物锅炉 High capacity utility boiler to generate 1300MW of electricity (fig. 1-2) 高参数发电锅炉 The large field-erected utility boiler (Fig. 3) 散装锅炉 Circulating fluidize
11、d-bed combustion boiler (fig. 1-5) 循环流化床锅炉,PC,Stocker,CFBC,1.1 Function, Configuration and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,Fig. 1-1 Small package boiler 快装锅炉 factory-assembled, fully automated gas-fired boiler, which can supply saturated steam for a hospital.,Fig. 1-2 High capacity utili
12、ty boiler to generate 1300MW of electricity 电站锅炉,Fig. 1-2 High capacity utility boiler to generate 1300MW of electricity 电站锅炉,Fig.1-3 Large field-erected coal-fired utility boiler,Fig. 1-4 750 t/d mass-fired refuse power boiler,Fig. 1-5 Circulating fluidized-bed combustion boiler 循环流化床锅炉,Fig. 6 Bubb
13、led fluidized-bed combustion boiler 鼓泡流化床锅炉,Lurgi CFB boiler 鲁奇型循环流化床,1、炉膛 furnace 2、旋风分离器 cyclone 3、过热器 superheater 4、外置式换热器 external exchanger 5、煤仓 coal silo 6、返料装置 Ash recycle 7、石灰石进料口 limestone inlet 8、灰冷却器 ash cooler 9、省煤器 economizer 10、空气预热 air heater 11、除尘器 dust collector 12、引风机 ID fan 13、尾部烟
14、道 gas duct 14、汽包 steam drum,4. Boiler configuration 锅炉基本结构 1) Boiler proper 锅炉本体 Vessels with water and steam, which including: 汽锅：盛水及蒸汽的容器，包括： Steam Drum 汽包(锅筒) Downcomer 下降管 Header 联箱 Water-cooled Wall 水冷壁 Superheater 过热器 Reheater 再热器 Economizer 省煤器,Boiler 4 pipes 锅炉四管,1.1 Function, Configuration
15、and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,1.1 Function, Configuration and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,4. Boiler configuration 锅炉基本结构 1) Boiler proper 锅炉本体 Furnace: Combustion system - fuel combustion and release heat, which including: 炉子：提供燃料燃烧，同时放出大量热的设备 Burners 燃烧器 Furnace 炉膛
16、 Air ducts 风道 Air heaters 空气预热器,4. Boiler configuration 锅炉基本结构 1) Boiler proper 锅炉本体 Safe auxiliary 安全附件 Water level indicators: to show the operator the level of fluid in the boiler, a water gauge or water column is provided. 水位计：测量汽包中水位 Pressure gauge: to show the pressure in vessels. 压力表：测量压力 Safety valve: used to relieve pressure and prevent possible explosion of a boiler. 安全阀：释放压力，保证安全,1.1 Function, Configuration and Working process of Boiler 1-1 锅炉的作用、结构及工作原理,4. Boi
