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1、2019年资料03精讲课时语法语法预备役动词不定式用所给词的适当形式填空1. I saw him _ (go) out of the room ten minutes ago.答案：go2. Im thirsty; please get me something _ (drink)答案：to drink3. The teacher told them _ (not make) so much noise.答案：not to make4. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know which _ (choose)答
2、案：to choose5. In Asia, _ (get) into a good public university, students have to take the entrance exam.答案：to get 6. Our aim is _ (achieve) the task in six months.答案：to achieve语法讲座动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等；它还具有动词的特点，可以带宾语和状语；它有名词、形容词和副词的特征。一、不定式的基本结构 不定式主要有三种结构模式：1带to或不带to: (to
3、) do sth.2疑问词不定式：how/when/what to do (sth.)3带逻辑主语的不定式：for/of sb. to do sth.名师点睛(1)动词不定式的否定式是在不定式符号to前加上not，即not to do。(2)for/of sb. to do sth.中，如果前面使用的形容词表达sb.的品德、性质时，则使用of，否则使用for。(3)不带to的不定式即动词原形主要用于使役动词let, have, make和感官动词see, hear, feel等之后作宾补。(4)rather than后接不带to的不定式。二、动词不定式的时态和语态注意：当不定式的逻辑主语是它所
4、表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。He seems to know this.他好像知道这件事。He pretended to be thinking deeply, without noticing me passing him.他假装在沉思，没注意到我从他身边经过。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.抱歉让你久等了。They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.据说他们已经在西藏工作了20年。Nobody likes to be laughed at in p
5、ublic.没人喜欢被当众嘲笑。He claimed to have been badly treated in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.他声称昨天购物时在超市受到了虐待。三、不定式的语法功能不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语：1. 不定式作主语To see is to believe.眼见为实。To learn a foreign language is not easy.学外语不容易。名师点睛(1)不定式作主语时前面往往用it充当形式主语，不定式则放在后面。常见的带形式主语it的句型
6、有：It is easy/difficult/hard/important/right/wrong/possible/necessary/foolish/kind.to do.It is a pleasure/pity/pleasant thing/an honour.to do.It takes sb. some time/money to do.若要说明不定式动作的执行者，可以在不定式前加上“for名词或代词”结构，或是“of名词或代词”结构。Its a great pleasure for me to talk with him.和他聊天对我来说是一件令人高兴的事。Its very ki
7、nd of you to see me off.你来送我真是太好了。注意：某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right, unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表语时，不定式前常可用of引导的短语，即“be形容词of名词/代词的宾格不定式”。It is stupid of her to make such a mistake.她真蠢，犯这样的错误。(2)“疑问词/whether不定式”作主语。How to
8、 use the machine is a question.如何使用这台机器是个问题。2. 不定式作宾语(1)有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有like, want, try, begin, decide, ask, forget, promise, hope, love, offer, refuse, wish等。He decided to try it again.他决定再试一次。He refused to comment on the matter.他拒绝就该事作出评论。(2)动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时，如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后
9、的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。There is nothing you can do other than wait.除了等你无事可做。(3)在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but等后面的不定式也要省略to。(4)“疑问词/whether不定式”作宾语。She doesnt know how to go there.她不知道怎么去那。名师点睛如果不定式作宾语，而其后有补足语时则常用形式宾语it，而把不定式放在补足语之后。I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.我
10、发现有可能不用计算机就能解出这道题目。3. 不定式作宾语补足语 (1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语：要求用这种结构的常见的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, consider, drive, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, like, love, teach, oblige, order, persuade, request, require, tell, want, warn, wish等。I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
11、我想让你清楚地理解整篇文章。(2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：要求用这种结构的常见的动词多为“感官动词”和“使役动词”，如feel, hear, see, watch, notice, find, have, let, make等。They make the students do too much homework every day.他们让学生每天做太多的作业。The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.人们看到这个男孩突然从树上掉下来了。名师点睛当这些动词在被动句中作谓语时，后面的动词不定式就不能省去to(如例)。(3)不定式可用于w
12、ith复合结构中作宾补。With much work to do, I didnt have lunch.因有许多工作要做，所以我没有吃午饭。4. 不定式作表语不定式作表语通常表示具体的或将来的动作。Disneys greatest wish was to be a famous artist.迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一位著名的艺术家。“疑问词/whether不定式”作表语。The problem is how to put the plan into practice.问题是如何把计划付诸于实践。5. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词存在动宾关
13、系。如果这个不定式是不及物的，它后面就要有必要的介词。He has a lot of questions to ask.他有许多问题要问。I use a pen to write with.我用钢笔书写。名师点睛(1)不定式作定语表示未发生的动作。The weather will keep warm in the days to come.在未来几天内，天气将继续保持暖和。(2)用在序数词、形容词最高级以及the last/the only/the next等，或被这些词修饰的词后。Zhang Jian is the first Chinese to swim across the Bohai
14、 Sea.张健是第一个横渡渤海的中国人。Mr. Zhang was the only one to know the truth.张先生是唯一知道真相的人。(3)抽象名词(如time，way，reason，chance，courage，opportunity，ability等)与不定代词(如something，nothing，little等)的后面常用不定式作定语。A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city. 地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。6. 不定式作状语(1)作目的状语。仅用一般式，可位于句
15、首或句末，其前可加in order/so as，但so as to不可位于句首。I got up early (in order/so as) to catch the 6：30 train.我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。(2)作原因状语。主要用在表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词/过去分词后及表示心理活动的过去分词/动词/形容词后。I am glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。(3)作结果状语。仅用一般式，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，而现在分词作结果状语时则表示自然而然的结果。I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。强化印证. 写出下列句子中不定式的语法功能1. The soil contains materials to keep the natural balanc
