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1、语法填空 答题指导,高考 英语专题复习,准备好：做好学案，积累本，双色笔，词典,Learning Aims:,1.To master the methods and techniques to fill in the blanks. 2.To improve the ability of analyzing the sentence structure . 3.To apply the grammar to practice freely 4.To enjoy the pleasure of learning English,一、高考大纲要求,语法填空题考纲要求： 共10 小题，每小题1.5分
2、。在一篇约200词左右的语言材料中留出10 个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（不多于三个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式本部分所需时间约为10分钟。,二、【语法填空命题特点】,1. 语法和词汇（考试重点）；上下文连贯性（语境）。语法填空题的出题特点：提示性填空题和自由填空两大类。提示性填空主要考察动词（包括时态、语态和非谓语动词）、形容词和副词（包括形容词和副词之间词性转换和词形转化以及比较级和最高级的变化）以及名词（比较少，但是曾有词性转换方面的题出现）。而自由填空主要集中在冠词（和名词相生相依）、代词、介词、连词。 2. 语法填空涉及到的语法项目
3、： 1名词2代词3数词4介词和介词短语5形容词6副词7冠词8.动词（时态、语态、非谓语动词）9构词法10主谓一致11连词（并列句、主从句、并列复合句）12句子成分 13.句子种类14省略15倒装16.强调17.虚拟语气18.特殊句式19情态动词,三、【语法填空解题方法】 （一）有提示词填空的做题方法,1. 动词 （1）如果所给词是动词，首先判断该动词在句中充当谓语还是非谓语。空格前如果是比较复杂动名词、不定式或者主语从句，要注意主谓一致，此外要根据上下文判断句子的时态和语态。 China _(spend )a lot of money on such research over the pas
4、t years . As the program shows ,working with the family ,rather than bypassing the parents ,_(be )the most effective way of helping children get off to the best possible start in life . Cupboards in her kitchen _(fill )with things that she didnt need at all . The Chinese language ,as a whole ,_ (use
5、 )the same set of character ,but even the same characters can have different pronunciations .,has spent,is,were filled,uses,（2）如果句子不缺谓语，而所给词又是动词，如果能排除是词形转换题的话，那么这个空一定是非谓语动词。 要清楚的知道非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词以及他们的被动式和完成式等。同时要记住动词不定式在句子中可以充当除了谓语之外的所有句子成分，多数情况下，动词不定式表示动作还未发生；动名词可以在句子中做主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词和过
6、去分词做定语、状语、补语和表语。同时，现在分词通常表示动作正在进行，和逻辑主语是主谓关系，而过去分词表示动作已完成或者和逻辑主语是动宾关系。 There are many positive developments _(associate )with the internet He placed the boxes _(fill )with toys into the basement . The Chinese scientist Tu You you also discovered artemisinin（青蒿素）,a drug sharply reduced the death rate
7、s for patients _(suffer )from malaria （疟疾） . Campbell _(bear )in Ireland and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for a new drug，which has helped the battle against river blindness，as well as showing powerful effect against other diseases.,associated,filled,suffering,born,（3）基本知识掌握后，还要关注上下文中提供的关键词来判
8、断是 哪种非谓语动词形式，比如watch, see, notice, hear等词，那么有doing 和do 两种情况，现在分词和过去分词的判定比不定式和动名词要难，但是，只要记住固定句式结构之外就是要找准动词和逻辑主语之间的关系，尤其是主句之前或者之后出现了逗号这种情况，尤其要引起注意。如 She let me choose my sleep medicine , _(make )sure that I was okay. As we started to go out , I turned around and saw them all _(watch ) us . Another tra
9、dition is to have their photographs _(take ). （4）词性及词形变化 The cards often included an _(invite )to the ceremony .,making,watching,taken,invitation,2. 形容词和副词 第一，要确切的知道，形容词在句子中充当的句子成分和所处位置。 a.形容词可以放在名词前面做定语； b.形容词可以在系动词后面作表语； c.形容词可以放在宾语后做宾语补足语。 副词在句子中所充当的句子成分和所处的位置。 a.副词放在动词的前后做动词状语； b.副词放在形容词前做形容词的状语
10、； c.副词放在副词前面做状语。 His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou also discovered artemisinin（青蒿素）,a drug_ (sharp) reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria （疟疾）.,warmly,sharply,第二，要明确形容词和副词之间的词性和词
11、形转换。 根据前文，学生能够判断句子却的是形容词还是副词之后，根据上下文逻辑结构和句子意思，通过加减前后缀的办法把题目做正确。 His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. We drank together and talked _(merry) till far into the night. There was so much _(warm ) in each hug . She said to the reporters that
12、 the idea of helping somebodys child go to college gave her much _(please ). A government study has found that South Korea children are the least happy compared to children in 29 other developed countries .Many South Koreas owe this _(unhappy )to the educational pressure . Do not carry too much mone
13、y or _(necessary )credit cards .,warmly,merrily,warmth,pleasure,unhappiness,unnecessary,第三，注意形容词和副词的比较级别，同级比较用as.as.和not so.as.,其中要加形容词副词的原级。用形容词和副词取决于前面的动词是系动词还是实意动词；比较级有比较连词than或者根据上下文判断有隐性的比较；最高级前面有标志性的词the或者修饰比较级常用词much/even /far/ by far /a bit /a little /a lot/a great deal / no/或序数词 A governmen
14、t study has found that South Korea children are the _(little )happy compared to children in 29 other developed countries . People in Northern Europe are much _(luck ). Cook is a lot _(easy )for us than most of us think .,least,luckier,easier,3. 名词 名词在语法填空中出现的几率比较低，但是名词却是做自由填空的一个非常重要的参照物。名词在提示性填空部分，最
15、可能出现的题就是动词转化成名词这种形式。但必须明确名词的特点。单数可数名词前面必须有三类修饰限定词：a.必须有a/an, the ；b.必须有形容词性的物主代词；c.必须有指示代词this或者that以及不定代词。三者是必有其一，互不兼容。不可数名词最显著的特点就是不能与a/an连用，但是英语中要注意一词多义的情况。 These two _(discover) provide humankind with a new way to fight these disease that affect hundreds of millions of people annually . The cards often included an _(invite )to the ceremony . My _(appoint) was at five and I still had twenty minutes . Dont wait for an _(apologize ).,discoveries,Invitation,appointment,apology,（二）无提示词填空题的做题方法 1. 介词 介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。介词
