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1、专题七 代词和it的用法,一、代词 1人称代词 人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语或表语。 They like him.,【悟一悟参透误区】 在非正式英语尤其是口语中，人称代词作表语时常可用其宾格形式代替主格。在比较状语从句中，有时也可用宾格代替主格(尤其是其后跟有同位语“all”时)。 Who is it? Its me. He is taller than I (或 me) He is taller than us all. 若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格。试比较： He loves you more than I(他比我更爱你。) He loves you more than
2、me.(他爱你比爱我更多。),2物主代词 (1)形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，必须与名词连用。如：his pen，our books。,(2)“形容词性物主代词own”常用来强调“某人自己的”，其后可跟名词。 Dont use my pen.Why not use your own (pen)? I want a car of my own. (3)“of名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格形式。如：a friend of mine。,3反身代词 反身代词myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，oneself，ourselves，yourselv
3、es，themselves可在句中作表语、宾语和同位语。 I am not quite myself today.(表语) He saw himself in the mirror.(宾语) I myself did it.(同位语),4相互代词 (1)相互代词each other和one another表示相互关系，两者差别不大，一般用作宾语。 Bill and Helen blamed each other. (2)each other和one another有所有格形式，可用作定语。 They looked into each others eyes for a silent momen
4、t.,5指示代词 指示代词有this，that，these，those，it，such，same等。 (1)this，that，these，those的用法 作主语、宾语、表语和定语。this (these)常代指时间和空间上较近的人或物；而that (those)常代指时间和空间上较远的人或物。 This is my book and that is hers.,this (these)常指后文将要提及的事物；that (those)常指前文已提及的事物。 Now hear this.Meeting of all students on the playground in ten minut
5、es! He didnt come.That is why he didnt know. that和those常可用来代指前文提及的内容，以免重复。 The life in Japan is different from that in America. this和that有时可表示“程度”，作状语，相当于so。 I dont want that much.,(2)such的用法 可用作主语、宾语、补语和定语。用作定语修饰单数可数名词时，不定冠词a(n)放在such之后。 Such is life./He is such a kind man. (3)same的用法 可用作定语、宾语、表语、状
6、语等，常与定冠词连用。 Its the same kind of work，just a different department.,6疑问代词 用于引导特殊疑问句。who，whom，whose用于指人；which和what可指人或物。 (1)who通常作主语和表语，whom作宾语。在口语中，常用who代替whom，但如果前面有介词，则仍需用whom。 Who is he？(表语，问姓名) By whom was the book written？(介词宾语) 试比较： Who is he？(问姓名或关系) What is he？(问职业或地位),(2)what，which均可作主语、宾语或定
7、语。 试比较： What sport do you like best？(不定范围的选择) Which sport do you like better，football or volleyball？(确定范围的选择) (3)whose可用作定语或表语。 Whose dictionary is this？(定语) 7关系代词 关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that，as等，用于引导从句。 I like the book that was written by Shi Naian.,学以致用 .用适当的代词填空 1The cost of renting a house in
8、 central Xian is higher than_in any other area of the city. 2He is_a kind boy that he is always ready to help others. 3The population of China is larger than_of Japan. 4_should take over the work? 5_is Tom？Is he a teacher?,6_do you like better，English or Chinese? 7As classmates，we should help_ 8Is t
9、his the_book as yours? 答案 1.that 2.such 3.that 4.Who 5.What 6Which 7.each other 8.same,.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词) An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1._. A man saw them and asked the son why 2._wasnt riding the donkey.T hen the fathe
10、r let 3._ride it.4._man saw them and told 5._that they should 6._ride the donkey.So 7._both got on it.A woman who saw them said，“Tell 8._，why are you both riding that poor animal？,9._looks so weak and tired.10._are so cruel！”Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a
11、 bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river. 答案 1.it/them 2.he 3.him 4.Another 5.them 6.both 7.they 8.me 9.It 10.You,二、不定代词 1another，the other，other，others的区别 (1)another“又一；再一；另一”，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。 I felt so bad all day yesterday that I dec
12、ided this morning I couldnt face another day like that. Give me another ten minutes and I will complete the task. (2)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指，常用于one.the other.。 Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.(2010新课标全国卷),(3)other作前置定语，表示“另外的”。 We stud
13、y Chinese，maths，English and other lessons. (4)others作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。 In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.(2014福建高考) Some are singing and dancing，some are drawing，others are climbing the hill.,2it，that，one，those的区别 (1)it意为“它”，特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。 I like this ho
14、use with a beautiful garden in front，but I dont have enough money to buy it.(2009四川高考) (2)that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the单数/不可数名词。 Few pleasures can equal that ( the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day.,(3)one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念；the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时
15、可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；the ones用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。 Helping others is a habit，one you can learn even at an early age. Why dont we take a short break? Didnt we just have one ( a break)? Students who do well in examinations are those/the ones who ask questions in class.,3no one，no
16、body，none，nothing的区别 (1)no one，nobody表“没有人；谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常可用来回答who引导的问句。 Charles was alone at home，with no one looking after him. (2)none“没人；没有任何东西”，既可指人，也可指物。none后可接of短语，常用来回答how many/much的问题。 How many of you have seen the film? None (of us),(3)nothing意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。 A smile costs nothing，but gives
