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1、Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.,第三课时 Section A(Grammar Focus4b),一、宾语从句 (一)宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可以分为三种类型: 1当宾语从句是陈述句时,引导词用that。that本身没有任何意义,只起连接作用,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。eg: He said that Jim would work hard.他说吉姆将努力学习。 2当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,引导词用if或whether。if与whether都有“是否”之意,在句子中不作任何成分,但是不能省略。eg: He a
2、sked me if/whether I worked in the company.他问我是否在那个公司工作。,单元同步语法精讲,3当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词用原句中的特殊疑问词。此时引导词都有本身的意义,并且在句中作一定的成分,因此不能省略。eg: He asked me when I was leaving for Beijing.他问我什么时候动身去北京。 (二)宾语从句的语序 1当宾语从句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,那么宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况选择。eg: I hear that Bill has been to Hainan already.我听说比尔曾经去过海南。 I
3、hear that they went to the beach yesterday.我听说他们昨天去了沙滩。,2如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,那么宾语从句也要用过去的某种时态与之对应。eg: He said that he was watching TV when his father came back home.他说当他爸爸回家的时候,他正在看电视。 【温馨提示】 1当主句的主语是第一人称,并且谓语动词是think,suppose等时,如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义,则把否定词移到主句中,即“否定前移”。eg: I dont think the job fits you.我认为这件工作不适
4、合你。,2if和when既能引导状语从句,也能引导宾语从句,因此,遇到它们时要通过认真仔细分析,准确作出判断。eg: If it rains tomorrow,Ill stay at home.如果明天下雨,我将待在家里。 I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否天将下雨。 二、定语从句 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,先行词通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose等)或关系副词(when,why,where等),在句中位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系代词或
5、关系副词在句中起连接作用,同时充当句子成分。,(一)关系代词和关系副词的用法 1关系代词that既可指物也可指人,关系代词which只用来指物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that和which在从句中作宾语时常可省略;如果which在从句中作“不及物动词介词”结构中介词的宾语时,介词不能省略,而且介词习惯上位于关系代词which之前,但有时也可位于它原来的位置上。eg: He is the man that is waiting for you.他是等着你的人。 This is the new bike (that/which)I bought last week.这是上周我买的新自行车。,2关
6、系代词who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语;whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。eg: This is the girl who won the first prize in the English competition.这是在英语竞赛中获得第一名的女孩。 She is the girl whom Im waiting for.她是我正在等的女孩。 3关系代词whose用来指人或物(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。eg: They rushed over to help the man whose car had br
7、oken down.他们冲过去帮助小车抛锚的这个男人。 Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.请递给我绿色封面的那本书。,4关系副词where用来引导表示地点的定语从句。eg: This is the school where we study.这是我们学习的学校。 5关系副词when用来引导表示时间的定语从句。eg: Ill never forget the days when we used to play together.我从来不会忘记我们过去在一起玩的岁月。 6关系副词why用来引导表示原因的定语从句。eg: T
8、his is the reason why I like teaching in the poor village.这是为什么我喜欢在那个贫穷的村子教书的原因。 【温馨提示】关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词which”结构。eg: Do you still remember the day when (on which) we first met?你还记得我们第一次相遇的那天吗?,C,(二)定语从句中引导词只用that的情况 1先行词中既有指人的名词也有指物的名词时。eg: I love the schools and teachers that gave us happ
9、iness.我喜欢给我快乐的学校和老师。 2先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。eg: This is the best movie that I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。 3先行词是数词或被数词修饰时。eg: I think the first unit that we are learning is very difficult.我认为我们正在学的第一单元是很难的。 4当先行词是something,anything,nothing,everything,none,little,few,much,all,no,many等不定代词时。eg: Is there an
10、ything that I can do for you?有什么我能为你做的事情吗?,5先行词前面有only,all,any,no,last,just,very等词修饰时。eg: Have you seen all the movies that are directed by Zhang Yimou?你看过张艺谋导演的所有电影吗? 6主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。eg: Who is the girl that is singing in the next room?正在隔壁房间里唱歌的女孩是谁? 7先行词被the only,the very或the same修饰时。eg: H
11、e is the very person that Im looking for.他是我正在寻找的那个人。 8先行词是one,way,time,day或night时。eg: This is the one that I like best.这是我最喜欢的一个。,三、表推测的情态动词 1must表示对现在的状态或现在正在发生的事情的肯定推测,后面通常接系动词be的原形。eg: You have studied for five hours.You must be tired.你已经学习了五个小时了,一定累了。 Our teacher must be correcting our exam pap
12、ers.我们的老师一定是在批阅我们的试卷。,2“may/might/could动词原形”多用于肯定句,其“推测,判断”的语气不确定。may意为“也许,可能”;might不表示过去时态,只表示语气较may更弱,意为“或许,大概”。eg: I dont know where she is.She may be in New York.我不知道她在哪儿,她可能在纽约。 The guitar might be Janes.She plays the guitar.这把吉他可能是简的。她弹吉他。 It could be Meis hair band.它可能是梅的发带。,3“can/could not动词
13、原形”用于否定句或疑问句中,表示否定推测或判断,有“不可能”之意。用cant还是用couldnt不存在时态差异,只是cant的语气较couldnt强。eg: There is no light in the room.She cant be at home now.房间里没有灯光。她现在不可能在家里。 That man cant be Mr.Black.He is much taller.那个人不可能是布莱克先生。他高得多。,四、used to “闯三关” used to后接动词原形,表示过去经常性或持续性的动作或状态,意为“过去常常”。eg: I used to get up very ea
14、rly.我过去常常很早起床。 When I was young,it used to be very cold in winter.我小的时候,冬天经常很冷。 (二)句式关 used to的否定式常用didnt use to,疑问式常用“Diduse to?”eg: I didnt use to read novels.我过去不经常读小说。 Did he use to smoke?他过去常吸烟吗?,(三)辨异关 be used to后面接名词或动词ing形式时,表示“习惯于做某事”,其中to为介词;be used to后面接动词原形时,表示“被用来做”。其中to是不定式符号。eg: Im us
15、ed to walking to school now.我现在习惯步行去学校。 The computer is used to store information.这台电脑被用来储存信息。,一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1Mr.Wang said that he _(read) newspaper at eight last night. 2Home with Kids is one of the TV sitcoms that _(make) us laugh again and again. 3Our English teacher told us that Christmas _
16、(be) on December 25. 4The movie that we _(see) last night was fantastic. 5Do you know the girl who _(sing) in the classroom? 6The lady in this photo cant _(be) over fifty!She looks so young. 7Excuse me,when are we going to have a picnic? Im not sure.Ask our monitor,please.He may _(know),单元同步语法强化训练,was reading,makes,is,saw,is singing,be,know,8I was looking for the pen which I _