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1、语法精讲精炼,第六讲 形容词和副词,广州中考高分突破,考点.形容词和副词的比较等级 1.形容词比较级和最高级的构成 (1)单音节和少数双音节形容词比较级和最高级的构成规律: 一般单词都是在词尾加er,est构成。如:great(greater,greatest),hard(harder,hardest),cheap(cheaper,cheapest)等。 如果单词以字母e结尾(e不发音),直接加上r,st。如:wide(wider,widest),large(larger,largest)等。 以重读闭音节结尾的单音节词,需双写词尾的辅音字母,再加er,est。,如:hot(hotter,ho
2、ttest),big(bigger,biggest)等。这个变化规则与现在分词、过去式和过去分词的拼写规则一样。 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节形容词要变y为i,再加er,est。如:early(earlier,earliest),happy(happier,happiest)等。 少数以er结尾的双音节形容词,其比较级和最高级也是加er,est。如:clever(cleverer,cleverest)。,(2)多音节形容词比较级、最高级的构成规律: 多音节形容词一般要在形容词前加more或most构成比较级、最高级形式。如:more interesting(更有趣的),the most dang
3、erous(最危险的)等。如:Todays meeting is the most important of all.今天的会议最为重要。 (3)不规则形容词的比较级、最高级: 常见的不规则形容词的比较级形式有good,well,bad,ill,many,little,few,far,old这几个单词。不规则变化的形容词比较级和最高级形式的变化规律归纳如下:,(4)不规则副词的比较级、最高级: clearlymore clearlymost clearly (以形容词+ly结尾的副词,都加more,most构成比较级、最高级) latelaterlatest wellbetterbest ba
4、dly(坏)worseworst much(多)moremost little(少)lessleast far(远)farther(更远地)farthest(最远) far(远)further(更远地)furthest(最远),比较级要变化,一般词尾加er。 词尾若有哑音e,直接加r就可以。 一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写。 辅音字母加y,要把y改i。 最高级加est,前面加the莫忘记。 形容词若是多音节,只把more,most前面写。,比较等级变化口诀,写出下列词语的比较级和最高级的形式。 1.long _ _ 2.slow _ _ 3.nice _ _ 4.late _ _ 5.big
5、_ _ 6.hot _ _ 7.fat _ _ 8.thin _ _,巩固练习,longer,longest,slower,nicer,later,bigger,hotter,fatter,thinner,slowest,nicest,latest,biggest,hottest,fattest,thinnest,9.easy _ _ 10.happy _ _ 11.careful _ _ 12.Interesting _ _ 13.good，well _ _ 14.bad,ill,badly _ _ 15.many，much _ _ 16.Little _ _ 17.Far _ _,easi
6、er,easiest,happier,more careful,more interesting,worse,more,less,farther (further),happiest,the most careful,the most interesting,worst,most,least,farthest (furthest),better,best,2.形容词、副词原级的用法 (1)“A+谓语动词+as+原级+as+B”表示A、B两者程度相同。如: Jim is running as fast as Bruce.They are neck and neck.吉姆和布鲁斯跑得一样快。他们旗
7、鼓相当。 (2)“A+谓语动词的否定式+as/so+原级+as+B”表示“A不如B”。如: Luckily,the weather is not so(as) bad as yesterday. 幸好天气没有昨天那样糟。,3.形容词、副词比较级的用法 比较级表示两者之间的比较,常用的有如下的结构: (1)“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B”表示“A比B”。如: He runs much faster than Tom. 他比汤姆要跑得快得多。 在比较级前用much,even,still等词修饰,表示加强语气。如: He did his homework much more carefully
8、 than her.他做家庭作业要比她仔细得多。,(2)“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”,或者“A+谓语动词+比较级+than+the other+名词复数(+介词短语)”表示“A比任何人或物都”,有“A是最”的意思。如: Chongqing is larger than any other city in Sichuan.=Chongqing is larger than the other cities in Sichuan.重庆比四川的任何城市都大。 (3)“A+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+.”句型,表示“两者中较的”。如
9、: He is the more careful of the two engineers.他是两名工程师中较细心的一个。,(4) “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如: Winter is coming and the days are getting colder and colder.冬天要到了,天变得越来越冷了。 (5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越就越”。如: The harder you work,the better grades you will get.你学习越努力,成绩就越好。 (6)“A+谓语动词+less+原级+than+B”表示“A不如B”。如:
10、 I think pop music is less beautiful than classic music.我认为流行音乐没有古典音乐那么好听。,How many times have you noticed(注意)one or two passengers who are acting a bit _ during a flight? They could be suffering from(遭受折磨)a fear(害怕) of flying.If you are afraid _ flying,here is some advice I would like to share_ you
11、. Dont try to hide your fear.Tell the flight attendant or the passengers _ you when you sit down._ people might offer you some help.,语法选择(代词、介词、形容词和副词),1,2,3,4,5,Ask _ a seat at the very front of the plane.You can feel the planes movement less than at the back of the plane.Take the most direct fligh
12、t and the_ plane if you can. Keep busy.Watch the film_ its bad or you have seen it already.Read a book or do a crossword puzzle. There are many kinds of classes for _ are afraid to fly.They used to be quite expensive,but now with cheaper fares(费用),these classes are more affordable now.Listen to peac
13、eful and relaxing music.,6,7,8,9,Finally,remember that _ is more dangerous to cross the road than to fly in the air! ( )1.A.strange B.stranger C.strangely D.more strangely ( )2.A.in B.with C.at D.of ( )3.A.with B.in C.to D.at ( )4.A.around B.beside C.before D.after,A,D,A,A,10,( )5.A.Other B.The other C.Others D.The others ( )6.A.for B.with C.on D.at ( )7.A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.smallest ( )8.A.even if B.if C.so D.so that ( )9.A.these B.those C.this D.that ( )10.A.which B.what C.it D.that,A,A,C,A,B,C,
