2016高考英语备考策略 语法非谓语动词的讲解与训练

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1、语法非谓语动词的讲解与训练语法非谓语动词 知识要点动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done一、三种形式的含义(基本用法):不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的-ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。二、非谓语动词的时态和语态:一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been done-ing 形式主动doinghaving done被动being do

2、nehaving been done过去分词被动done三、非谓语动词的否定形式:在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing例如:1.Not being punctual makes him unreliable. 不准时使人觉得他不可靠。 2.Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life. 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。3.He promised not to go there again. 他许诺再也不去那里玩了。 四、非谓语动词的复合结构:不定式的复合结构

3、:for / of sb. to do sth. 例如:1.It is difficult for you to finish this work in a short time.在这么短时间内完成这项工作对你来说很难。2.Its very kind of you to help me a lot. 真是太好了,你帮了我许多忙。注意:以上句型中到底用of还是for,要看形容词表示什么;如果用的是表示品质、特征的形容词就用of(如:kind, nice, gentle, clever, bright, wise等);否则就用for。动词 -ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-i

4、ng 形式作主语时,用的所有格doing)例如:1.Do mind me/my closing the window?你介意我关窗户吗?2.Your making a mistake made your father upset.你犯错的事使得你父亲很不安。疑难突破1. 非谓语动词的解题步骤:(1)判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了(2)找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。(3)判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。(4)判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之

5、前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。2. 非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较。不定式和动名词作主语和表语:不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词-ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。例如:_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk【分析】a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选B。不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is +

6、 adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.例如: Its important for us to learn English well. Its kind of you to help us. 下面几个句型是用动名词。 Its no good / use doing sth.做某事是没用的。 Its useless doing sth.做某事是没用的。 There is no way doing sth.没有必要做某事。3. 不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较。(1) 不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。例如:My job is teaching / to

7、 teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容) Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.(主表语要用同一种形式)(2) 分词作表语。记住:一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词:surprise (使某人吃惊), surprising (令人吃惊), surprised (主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:excite (激动),astonish (惊奇),shock (震惊),scare (惊恐),d

8、isappoint (失望),move(感动)。例如:The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.(3)在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove/ turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。例如:He seemed (to be ) very happy.What they said turned out (to be) correct. 4. 不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语: (1)以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语:ask, tell, beg, allow, wan

9、t, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid等。例如:The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. 医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。(注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。) (2)有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式,这些动词有:see, wat

10、ch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如: We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。 The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。注意:当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲,而做“制造、有”解时,跟带有to的不定式做状语。例如: Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. 妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。 He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。 (

11、3)下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补:see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补,要看分词与宾语的关系。例如: We heard him singing the song when we came in. 当我们进来的时候,听见他正唱那首歌。 We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。5. 非谓语动词做定语:(1)不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后,表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如:

12、 He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干。 Our monitor is the first to arrive. 我们班长是第一个到的。(2)动名词与现在分词做定语的区别: 动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途;现在分词做定语,表示所修饰名词进行的动作。例如:a walking stick 拐杖(动名词做定语,意为a stick for walking)a sleeping car 卧铺车厢(动名词做定语,意为a car for sleeping)the rising sun 正在升起的太阳(现在分词做定

13、语,意为the sun which was rising)the changing world 变化中的世界(现在分词做定语,意为the world which is changing)(3)现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别:过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作,现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。例如:a piece of disappointing news使人失望的消息(意同a piece of news which disappointed us)in the following years 在后来的几年中(意同in the years that followed)a well dress

14、ed woman 衣着讲究的女士(意同a woman who is dressed well)a car parked at the gate 停在门口的小汽车(意同a car which was parked at the gate)6. 不定式与分词做状语:(1)不定式做状语,只表示目的、结果或原因。例如:He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中,发现钱被盗了。(结果状语)To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚,他提高了嗓门。(目的状语)All of us ar

15、e surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步,我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)(2)分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式。例如: Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看,这座城市很美。(条件状语) Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时,他发现父亲生气了。(时间状语) Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了,但他们继续工作。(让步状语) Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子,那个小男孩哭了。

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