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1、主谓一致 主谓一致考点关注：1. 动名词、不定式和主语从句作主语时的主谓一致。2. 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致。3. amount, quantity, rest, number, group, plenty作主语时的主谓一致。4. 分词和百分数，half作主语时的主谓一致。5. 定语从句的谓语与先行词在数上的一致。6. 就近一致现象。7. 并列主语的主谓一致现象。8. 不定式代词作主语时的主谓一致现象。主谓一致精讲英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据以下原则：1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致【语法一致原则】 主语的“人称”、
2、 “数”决定谓语动词的形式。I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐。 The work is important . 这项工作重要。【意义一致原则】 谓语动词的选用取决于主语所表达的内容在含义上是单数意义还是复数意义。Chinese is difficult for foreigners. The Chinese are hard-working and brave. The committee was made up of 10 members. The committee were in the hall.*public, committee, govern
3、ment, family, class, party, Chinese, population【就近一致原则】谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：or ; whetheror, either or； neithernor；whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also, nor, notbut 等。e.g.What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。Either he or you are to do the work in the
4、 forest.要么他，要么你去森林里做这工作。Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.不仅学生，老师也盼着放假。2. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。e.g.In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处
5、，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。【就远一致原则】主语后接“with”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。常用短语: “with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , inc
6、luding , like ,no less than , rather than , more than, as much as, in addition to”等。e.g.Alice, together with two other boys, was punished for having broken the rule. 艾丽斯，还有另外两个男孩因为违反规则而受到惩罚。I , rather than they am ready to help you . 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except
7、 my parents knows the truth.除了我的父母没有人知道真相。All the soldiers, including my brother, are active in sports. 常用单数的情况1. 表示“运算、时间、距离、金额、度量衡”的数词，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。e.g.Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。Two hours
8、 is enough for us to finish the experiment. * Twenty years have passed since he left . 他离开已二十个年头了。2. 形复意单名词如:news ;以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科，作单数。如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights ; 以及The United Nations等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。e.g. Mathematics
9、 seems easy to me .我似乎觉得数学不难。但是，表“具体的学业、活动”等时，多用作复数。e.g.*Her mathematics are weak . 她数学差。（指“学业成绩、能力”）*What are your politiscs? 你的政治观点如何？The New York Times is one of the most important papers in the United States.纽约时报是美国最重要的报纸之一。The United Nations is an important international organization.联合国是一个非常重要
10、的国际组织。The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 天方夜谭很有趣。Dickens American Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .狄更斯所著的美国笔记出版于1842年。3“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，用单数谓语形式。e.g.The work is important . 这项工作重要。To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。How and why he left was a sad story
11、. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times. 看见一次比听说百遍更好。Collecting stamps is the old mans only interest in life. 收集邮票是老人一生唯一的爱好。一个动名词或不定式表示某种抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式，但连接两个动名词或不定式表示不同概念时，则用复数形式。例如：*Laying eggs and looking for food are their main jobs. 产卵和寻觅食物是它们的主要工作。*Going to b
12、ed early and getting up early is good for health. 名词性从句作主语，谓语动词多用单数形式，但若两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表示两个概念，谓语动词用复数形式。what引导主语从句时，谓语取决于表语的单、复数。例如：What he is doing seems very important.他正在做的事情似乎很重要。*What caused the fire and how much the loss were still unknown.什么导致了大火、损失是多少仍然还不知道。What he needs is just money for t
13、he childs disease.他所需要的是给孩子治病的钱。*What I need badly are books on science.我非常需要的是有关科学的书籍。*“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语; *“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g. Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。A great many parents were present at the meeting . 许多家长出席了会议。*a / an + 单名+ or two 大多接单数谓语：* one or two +
14、 复名接复数谓语。e.g.Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需说一两句。*One or two reasons were suggested . 提出一两条理由。*a / an + 单名+ and a half常接单数谓语；*“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g. A year and a half has passed . 一年半已过去了。One and a half tons of rice are sold . 已卖了一吨半大米。* more than one + 单名大多接单数谓语。e.g.More than one pe
15、rson was absent . 不止一个人缺席。*8. more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。e.g.*More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。*9. more than one (three,)+复名 接复数谓语。e.g.*More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等后面谓语动词用单数. *注意一些特殊名词的主谓一致：population（与表语一致）；man（表示“人类”用单数谓语形式）；word（指“消息”时不可数，用单数谓语形式）；clothing（用单数）；news（用单数）不定代词each ,one , much, (a)little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other(+单名)等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.
