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1、2011年高三英语二轮总复习语法 精品课件（205张）,高中英语中名词,一、名词的概述：,名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其它抽象概念等名称的词。,二、名词的分类：,1.专有名词： 指一个人或事物所特有的名称。如具体的人物、地点、国家的名称等，不能随意更改，其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如： Asia, Mr Brown, Chinese, Christmas, Harry Potter, Mum 2.普通名词： 指某类人或事物的名称或者指某种抽象概念。 普通名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。,三、名词的数:,1.可数名词的数: ( 1 )规则变化: desk desks, glassgla
2、sses, factoryfactories, knifeknives ( 2 )不规则变化：man men, child children, sheep sheep ( 3 )复合名词的数：father -in -law -( fathers -in -law) grown-up -(grown-ups) woman driver -(women drivers ),2. 不可数名词的数： ( 1 )数词或冠词+量词+ of +不可数名词 a drop of water , two cups of tea ( 2 )物质名词的复数表示类别或数量 fish鱼 fishes 多种鱼 two co
3、ffees 两杯咖啡,3.名词单、复数的特殊用法： （1）只用复数的名词: socks, scissors, trousers earnings, surroundings, greetings tears, wishes, thanks （2）只用复数的名词词组： take turns, as follows, in high spirits,（3） 在短语中单、复数均可的名词: 单、复数意义相同: make a face / make faces play a joke/ jokes on somebody have a talk/ have talks with somebody 单、复
4、数意义不同: have a word with somebody have words with somebody,四、名词所有格,概述： 所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名 词，作定语。 形式：由名词词尾加s构成,多用来表示有生 命的东西.如: Mikes pen , the boys mother 由介词of + 名词构成,多用来表示无生命的东西. 如: the name of the book,名词所有格的几个要点： 1. 表示两者或两者以上共同所有,把s 加在最后的名词上。 如：Lucy and Lilys friend 露西和莉莉共同的朋友 Tom and Jacks room 汤姆和杰
5、克合用的房间 2. 表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。 如： Lucys and Lilys friends露西的朋友和莉莉的朋友 Toms and Jacks rooms 汤姆的房间和杰克的房间,3. 名词有同位语时,把 s加在同位语的词尾。 如：Have you seen my sister, Kates bicycle? I bought this book at Smith, the booksellers. 4. 双重所有格 （of +s 所有格） 如： a friend of her mothers 他妈妈朋友中的一位 a friend of her mother
6、他妈妈的一位朋友 a picture of his brothers 他弟弟照片中的一张，不一定是他本人 a picture of his brother 他弟弟本人的一张照片,五、名词在句中的作用,名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语/主语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和呼语等。,1. 作主语 The bag is mine. 2. 作表语 This is an apple. 3. 作宾语 Would you like some coffee? 4. 作补语 We made him monitor of our class.,5. 作定语 We will meet at the scho
7、ol gate. 6. 作状语 The new film will last two hours. 7. 作同位语 Mr Wang , our headmaster gave us a talk yesterday. 8. 作呼语 Boys and girls, look at the blackboard.,形容词、副词,1)We reached the top of the mountain after two hours climbing, _ and out of breath. A. Tiring B. being tired C. tired D. to be tired. 2)A
8、t seven oclock, coffee was made and the pot was hot on the back of the stove, _ and _ to make dinner.,C,hot,ready,1. 形容词或词组可做状语使用，可放在句首，句中或句尾。,考点重难点解读,2.形容词的位置： “限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材料， 作用类别往后靠” 限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+描绘形容词+大小、长短、高低+形状+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料,all half his income Tony is going camping with _
9、boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two,C,those three beautiful large square old brown wood tables,3. 某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。 这类形容词一般不用very 修饰, 如： much afraid, fast /sound asleep , wide awake be well worth,4.形容词
10、变副词通常是加 ly, 其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀： 一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。 分别举例如下： quickquickly, truetruly, happyhappily, possiblepossibly. friendly，lively， lonely，likely，deadly，orderly, timely, daily, yearly, monthly, brotherly, motherly 等。,某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：,5. 同根副词 1)close closely 2)free freely 3)hard hard
11、ly 4)late lately 5)most mostly 6)wide widely 7)high highly 8)deep deeply,1）.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 2). We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining_. A. hard B. hardly C. strongly D. heavy,A,A
12、,1) Lizzie was_ to see her friend off at the airport. A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad C. sad more than a little D. a little more than sad,B,6. 倍数的考查,1）The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. (height/ length/ width) 2）Asia is four times as large as Eur
13、ope. Your school is three times bigger than ours. The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.,7.表示形容词比较级的句型： 用much , even, still, a bit, a little, a great deal , far, by far等副词修饰形容词比较级； “The more. the more.” The harder he works, the happier he feels. 比较级与否定连用表示最高级 I could never
14、 see a better hotel.,1）. Marys biology is _ than _ in the class. A. a lot of better; anyone elses B. far better; anyones elses C. much better; anyone else D. a lot better; anyone elses 2) Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _ this year. （05浙江卷） Athe best Bbetter Cthe most Dmo
15、re,B,D,8. cant/ can never too /too much/ enough 句型表示“无论都不过分；越越好 ”,他如此伟大，我们无论怎样赞扬都不过分。,He is such a great man that we cant praise him too much.,既然是好事，越早开始做越好。,Since its a good thing, we cant do it too soon.,你做作业的时候，越仔细越好。,While you are doing your homework, you cant be careful enough.,1) Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? Of course . You can never be _ careful with that . (05江西卷) Aenough Btoo Cso Dvery 2） - He is _ a brave man. - We cant admire his courage _. A. actually; very much B. indeed; t
