《英语报刊阅读教程unit6civilengineeringandarchitectonics》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语报刊阅读教程unit6civilengineeringandarchitectonics（94页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Unit Six,Civil Engineering and Architectonics,Titles,Passage 1 Architecture Passage 2 Happy Birthday Toyo Ito Passage 3 Architect Richard Meier,Passage 1,Architecture Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading,Before Reading (The Introduction of Background Information),Mesopotamia
2、Byzantium Medieval Neo Gothic,Before Reading,Mesopotamia 美索不达米亚，即两河流域。两河流域特指幼发拉底河和底格里斯河。大致相当于现在的伊拉克,两河流域是人类古代文明最早的发祥地。,Before Reading,Byzantium 拜占庭帝国（395年1453年），即东罗马帝国。位于欧洲东部，领土曾包括亚洲西部和非洲北部，极盛时领土还包括意大利、叙利亚、巴勒斯坦、埃及和北非地中海沿岸。,Before Reading,Medieval 中世纪的。中世纪（Middle Ages）（约公元476年公元1453年），是欧洲历史上的一个时代。,Be
3、fore Reading,Neo Gothic 新哥特式，即巴洛克式。巴洛克建筑是1718世纪在意大利文艺复兴建筑基础上发展起来的一种建筑和装饰风格。,Global Reading,Structure of the passage Text Analysis,Global Reading,Part Division of the Text,Global Reading,Text Analysis This passage is taken from Vikipedia. It gives an all-round introduction of the development of archi
4、tecture from ancient to modern times. The title is directly telling the readers the theme of the passage. In the lead or introduction part, the author briefly introduces the definition of architecture from quite a few angles. In the body part, the author illustrates in detail the building styles in
5、different times of human history and their influence in related areas. In the conclusion part, modern architectural ideas are discussed ,with a focus on environmental sustainability. The whole structure of the passage is chronological, so its easy for the readers to grasp the theme.,维基百科是一个自由、免费、内容开
6、放的网络百科全书，是世界第五大网站。参与者来自世界各地。这个站点使用维基模式，即任何人都可以编辑维基百科中的任何文章及条目。维基百科是一个基于维基技术的多语言百科全书协作计划，也是一部用各种语言写成的网络百科全书，其目标及宗旨是为全人类提供自由的百科全书用他们所选择的语言来书写而成的，是一个动态的、可自由访问和编辑的全球知识体。也被称作“人民的百科全书”。,Detailed Reading,Vocabulary,Vocabulary,1. pragmatic： prmtk adj.实际的; 实用主义的; 好管闲事的; 国事的; n.爱管闲事的人; 专断的人; 国事诏书; 实务家; He ado
7、pted a pragmatic approach. 他走的是务实路线。,Vocabulary,2. prototype: prottap n.原型，雏形，蓝本; Three engineers began building a prototype. 三位工程师着手编写原型。,Vocabulary,3. criterion: kratrin n.（批评、判断等的）标准，准则; 规范; Speed is usually not the most important criterion. 速度通常不会是最重要的标准。,Vocabulary,4. ornament: rnmnt n.装饰; 装饰物;
8、 乐装饰音; v.装饰; 美化; Her office has stumbled upon items, such as a 17th-century silver altar ornament, that were sold to be melted down as scrap. 她的办公室里堆满了东西，比如一件17世纪的银制祭坛装饰，被文物贩子熔化为小块后出售。,Vocabulary,5. aristocratic: , rstkrtk adj.贵族的，贵族气派的; 赞成贵族政治的，爱挑剔的; The real prize for Titian, as for Michelangelo b
9、efore him, was an aristocratic patron. 正像先前对米开朗基罗一样，对提香最大的奖励是贵族的资助。,Vocabulary,6.sustainability: ssten , blt n.持续性，能维持性，永续性; Many firms have spent a great deal of time getting staff involved in sustainability. 许多公司为了让员工参与公司的可持续发展花费了大量的时间。,After Reading,Exercises : Content Questions Translation,Conte
10、nt Questions,Answer the following questions. 1. What is the role of architectural works in human civilization? Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving archi
11、tectural achievements.,2. Where did buildings with pointed arches first appear? The ancient Middle East and Byzantium.,3. How does the Industrial Revolution influence the development of modern architecture? Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption.
12、Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.,4Which buildings are mentioned in the passage as examples of environmental sustainability? Major examples of this can be found in g
13、reener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structures energy usage.,5. Of all the architectural styles talked about above, which one is your favorite and why? I prefer green and environmental designs, as they can help promote environmental protection ideas.,Translation,Tra
14、nslate the following paragraph into Chinese. Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustaina
15、ble design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structures energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the envi
16、ronment.,环境的可持续发展已经成为主流的问题，对建筑行业有深刻影响。许多开发者支持建筑物的融资，因为他们已经学会鼓励提供便利给可持续性环境的设计方案，而不是给那些主要基于直接成本的解决方案。这方面重要的例子有绿色屋顶设计，可生物降解的材料，及对建筑结构能源使用的更多关注等。建筑业的重大转变，也改变了建筑流派，使其更多地去关注环境。,建筑学,建筑既指规划，设计和建造过程也指其结果。建筑作品，即实体建筑物，常被看作文化象征和艺术作品。历史文明往往以其幸存的建筑成就而著名。 从建筑物角度讲，建筑学涉及规划，设计并修建外形，空间和布景，表达功能，技术，社交，环境及审美考虑。它要求创造性地控制和协调材料，技术，光影。建筑学还包含实用的方面，如建筑物和结构的完成，这又包括策划，成本估算，建造管理等。而从建筑师文档，通常是图纸，方案，技术说明的角度来说，建筑学指的是将要被建造或已经被建造的一个建筑物或任何其它系统的结构和或行为。 古代建筑 在很多古代文明
