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1、原文U.S.A. electric market modeIt make adequate preparation. Though allow to must offer the thorough fare in users For realize U.S.A. electric markefree choice supplying power trader and Utilities Electric Co. through the electric policies and regulations (Energy Act) in 1992, but only two pieces of e
2、lectric wire netting have just realized the operation of the electric market in U.S. A. up to spring of 1998, namely the blue electricity (ISO2New England) and California electric wire netting (CAISO) of new Great Britain. I have the honor to visit these two family ISOs in May of 1998. Two house the
3、se operation of ISO way very similar, they draw Europe and other national electric experience of market obviously, simpler and more flexible. According to have now materials are following to take CAISO as an example to introduce its characteristic mainly .(1) Overview CAISO was put into operation at
4、 the beginning of April of 1998, it is U.S.A.s second ISO (the first was new Great Britain blue ISO, put 1998 into too). CAISO controls the electric consumption with state 80, present members have: Pacific Ocean coal gas Utilities Electric Co. (PG&E), Southern California Edison Company (SCE), Santia
5、go coal gas Utilities Electric Co. (SDGE). There are two municipalization Utilities Electric Co.s -Los Angeles hydroelectric board (LDWP) and the power office of Sacramento (SMUD) will join after 5 years . CAISO added the state law and set up according to 1996. This law stipulates , electric users c
6、an choose the electric supplier freely , is not limited by geography . CAISO is an independent organization, does not belong to any Utilities Electric Co. . It is responsible for transmitting electricity systematic planning , control the safe operation of sum. The task of CAISO is to offer the low-p
7、riced electricity to users and allow users free choice power supplier, and offer the safe and reliable service. CAISO does not have any main equipment , transmit electricity line, transformer substation belong to former company still (whether for example 500 kV pay direct current Pacific Ocean tie l
8、ine by several Utilities Electric Co. that joint-venture build), still safeguard under the care of former Utilities Electric Co. CAISO has 300 staff members in all, the main website is set up in Folsom ( in north California), stand and is set up reservly in Alhambra (near Los Angeles), nearly there
9、are 40 people at present. Two stations have self-same equipment and function. The total installed capacity of electric wire netting of California is 40 000 kWs, total load about 20 000 kW-30 000 kWs, it is 2- 1 that the peak valley is bad, load is the greatest in summer. Since determining to set up
10、the electric market, three companies have already sold the power plant of 50 60, independent power plant(IPP) that became the competition and surfed the Net . The power plant left will sell successively too.1) The management of the electric market and operation CAISO are a company not taking profit
11、as purpose , it does not buy and sell the electricity by itself. The general operation way is as follows: &-#8226;Every user (distribution Company mainly) and every independent power plant prerequisite sell cable / purchase the electric tender in one day. ISO according to every user / independent te
12、nder and load of estimating of power plant, 10:00 arrange next day plan for one day in every morning. ISO issues the suggestion that the sun plans at 11:00 a.m. ( calculate according to the direct current trend at present, in case of block the bottleneck ( conges2tion), the procedure adjusts the exe
13、rting oneself of every power plant by ing block calculating , make it dispel and block . Going by optimizing the law of trend and calculate next).Every power plant(or distribution company) plans to put forward the suggestion to the day after adjusting at 12:00 at noon, both sides go on consult(wheth
14、er ISO come and dispel and block through economic means mainly). Tomorrows final power generating plan of the decision of 1: 00 p.m. (3) Regulation capacity management The management of adjusting the capacity estimates that load and actual load will not be totally unanimous, so require that every po
15、wer plant is while the ones that proposed after one day exerted oneself and is offered, offer, make the quotation which adjust the capacity. It is said and regulate quotation of capacity generally than plan quotation high 20%-30% of capacity. Among them, reserve(spinning reserve) capacity that can b
16、e offered to 10 mins; It is the capacity that can be offered within 10 mins too to be reserve(standby reserve); It is the capacity that can be offered in 60 mins to take the place of for future spending (replacement reserve). Including adjust the speed limit (ramp rate) and participate in AGC,etc. while offering yet.(4) Real-time electric market (market, energy of real2time,) With plan load load when tallying, need and adjust when real. Increasin
