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1、English Teaching MethodologyPart I Definitions（1） Denotative meaning（指示意义/外延意义）; The primary, literal meaning of a word, which is used to label real objects. （2） Connotative meaning (内涵意义/隐含意义)； The associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word（3
2、） implicit learning;-learning without conscious attention or awareness -Implicit learning is a passive process, where students are exposed to information, and acquire knowledge of that information simply through that exposureExample: learning new words by meeting them repeatedly（4） explicit learning
3、; learning with conscious awareness and intention-Explicit learning is an active process where students seek out the structure of information that is presented to them.Example: learning new words by memorizing , imagining, comparing, etc. （5）synonym（同义词）; Items that mean the same, or nearly the same
4、（6） Spontaneity for speaking（自发性）; In most situations, people do not plan ahead of time what they are going to say. The fact that speech is spontaneous means that it is full of false starts, repetitions, incomplete sentences, and short phrases. （7） assessment（评估）;The collecting of information of a l
5、earners learning progress and achievement over a period of time for the purpose of improving teaching and learning. Not based on one test or one task, nor on a mark or grade. （8） evaluation; The systematic gathering of information for the purpose of making decisions (Weiss, 1972). （9） validity（有效正确）
6、; The extent to which inferences made from assessment results are appropriate, meaningful, and useful in terms of the purpose of the assessment.A test measures what it is supposed to measure.（10） reliability; The extent to which the results can be considered consistent (一致的) or stable.A test is reli
7、able if it gives the same results when it is given on different occasions or when it is used by different people.（12） Washback(反驳作用); The effect that tests have on learning and teaching.It can be beneficial (positive) or detrimental (negative). （13） Portfolios（学习档案袋）; A purposeful collection of stud
8、ents work that demonstrates to students and others their efforts, progress, and achievements in given areas over a period of time (Genesee & Upshur, 1996).（14） linguistic competence（语言能力）.Linguistic competence is the system of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language. It is in
9、 contrast to the concept of linguistic performance, the way the language system is used in communication.Part II Short-answer questions and Discussions.1. Give the differences between British English and American English.American English is evolved from British English. But the differences between t
10、hem are noticeable.The differences between them: .Vocabulary a.Past Simple/Past Participles b.Prepositions Pronunciation （1） : （2）: :（3） i l - l （4） u: ju :（5） i: ai :（6）the same word . Spelling (suffix) 拼写（后缀）. Grammar 语法(1)Use of present perfect tense and simple past tense.现在完成式和一般过去式(2)Verb agree
11、ment and collective nouns 主谓一致和集合名词(3)Past tense forms. 过去时态的形式 First of all, the difference is vocabulary. The following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (
12、the first form of the two) and the regular form is more common to American English. (1)Past Simple/Past Participlesn Dream dreamt OR dreamedn Lean leant OR leanedn Learn learnt OR learnedn Smell smelt OR smelledn Spell spelt OR spelledn Spill spilt OR spilledn Burn Burnt OR burned (2) Prepositionsn
13、American English - on the weekendBritish English - at the weekendn American English - on a teamBritish English - in a teamn American English - please write me soonBritish English - please write to me soon Secondary, the difference is pronunciation. Sometimes we usually soften or dont read the vowel
14、(especially the or i ) in the unstressed syllable out in British English, while we should read all vowels out in the American English. So Americans speak more slowly and clearly than the British people. Differences in pronunciation between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE) can be divi
15、ded into:n Differences in accent (i.e. phoneme inventory and realisation). See differences between General American and Received Pronunciation for the standard accents in the United States and Britain; for information about other accents see regional accents of English speakers. n Differences in the pronunciation of individual words in th
