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1、unit 1 Literature Some related questions,The body of written works of a language, period, or culture. Imaginative or creative writing, especially artistic value The art or occupation of a literary writer The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field Printed material M
2、usic.,Literature: definition I,Literature: definition 2,from Latin litterae (plural); letter The word literature literally means “things made from letters“. Etymologically speaking, literature is anything that is written. Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly spea
3、king, “literature“ is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction.,Literature may consist of texts based on factual i
4、nformation (journalistic or non-fiction), a category that may also include biography and reflective essays, or it may consist of texts based on imagination (such as fiction, poetry, or drama).,Literature: quotations,Develop an interest in life as you see it; the people, things, literature, music the
5、 world is so rich, simply throbbing with rich treasures, beautiful souls and interesting people. Forget yourself. Henry Miller It is in literature that the concrete outlook of humanity receives its expression.“ - Alfred North Whitehead It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature.
6、- Henry James,The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation. - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe What is wonderful about great literature is that it transforms the man who reads it towards the condition of the man who wrote. - E.M. Forster The crown of literature is poetry. - William Somerset
7、 Maugham Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.-Ezra Pound,Literature: some basic knowledge,The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the earliest known literary works. This Babylonian epic poem arises from stories in the Sumerian language. Although the Sumeria
8、n stories are older (probably dating to at least 2100 B.C.), it was probably composed around 1900 BC. The epic deals with themes of heroism, friendship, loss, and the quest for eternal life.,从我于陈蔡者,皆不及门也。 德行：颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓； 言语：宰我、子贡； 政事：冉有、季路； 文学：子游、子夏 -论语,文学在中国1,用那么艰难的文字写出来的古语摘要，我先前也叫“文”，现在新派一点的叫“文学
9、”，这不是从“文学：子游、子夏”上割下来的。是从日本输入，是他们对英文literature的译名。鲁迅,文学在中国2,我尝说：“语言文学都是人类达意表情的工具，达意达得好，表情表得好，便是文学。”胡适 文学有三个要件：第一要明白清楚；第二要有力能动人；第三要美。,中国人怎么说文学,Is literature a mirror or a flash of light? Is literature aesthetic or authentic? Is literature a game with leisure or a preach with grim? Is literature an art
10、 of language or an expression of culture?,Literature: some questions,There is no original presupposition about literature.,Why we study literature?,A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning Perfect love, platonic love Lovers: gold beaten to airy thinness Lovers: twin compasses Conceit,Who is the author of
11、The Waste Land?,A. George Bernard Shaw B. W. B. Yeats C. Dylan Thomas D. T.S. Eliot,Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury,William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway Scott Fitzgerald John Steinbeck,Virginia Woolf was an important female in the 20th century England,A. poet B. biographer
12、 C. playwright D. novelist,refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nations history,A. Ballad B. Romance C. Epic D. Elegy,Important historical periods in English literature,Old English: Beowulf Middle English: Geoffrey Chaucer The Renaissance: Shakespeare The 17th c
13、entury Restoration period: John Milton The 18th century Age of Englightenment: Jonathan Swift The Romanticism of the early 19th century: Wordsworth The later 19th century Victorian: Charles Dickens 20th century Modernism: Woolf, Forster, Eliot Post-modernism,Important literary criticism,New criticis
14、m Psychoanalysis Stream of consciousness Imagism Feminism Post-colonialism Post-structuralism, post-modernism Ecological criticism,Writing,What is your understanding of literature? 80-120 words,The next lesson,Old English and Middle English meter rhyme iambic pentameter heroic Couplet Geoffrey Chaucer,
