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1、八种常用时态+三种不常用时态 的具体用法,1、一般现在时 2、一般过去时 3、现在进行时 4、过去进行时 5、一般将来时 6、过去将来时 7、现在完成时 8、过去完成时 (秦宏玲）,一般现在时（simple present tense),表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often, usually, sometimes, always, every (day等), once/twice, a (week等), on (Sunday等)，in the (morning等)。 如：They go to the Palace Museu
2、m once a year. They often discuss business in the evening., 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 如：The earth turns round the sun. Light travels faster than sound. 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。 如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning., 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before,
3、while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if, unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。 如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany. If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home. 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。 如：Here comes the bus. There goes the bell., 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。 Now the midf
4、ield player catches the ball and he keeps it. 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow. I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.,一般过去时(past indefinite tense),
5、表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning), (ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning. Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning. When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talking with his father., 表示过去一段时
6、间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。 如：He came to our city in the year 2000. 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last, in, fromto, often, usually, sometimes, always, 等。 如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books fro
7、m him., 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。 如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西),一般将来时(simple future tense),表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, this (afternoon), next (year), one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。, 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“s
8、hall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon. You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了), “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作（在正式文体中，这个结构常用于命令、规定、通知或注意事项）。 如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special
9、 baby. Its going to rain soon. Visitors are to leave when the bell rings., 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。 如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return. 现在进行时（come, go, leave, arrive, begin)、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态) Sam has already made his plans. Hes leaving at noon tomorr
10、ow. We will go shopping if it doesnt rain., shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。 如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday? Will you please open the door for me? “be about to +动词原形”表示已经决定而且立即要做的事情(不能跟具体的时间状语连用）。 如：Tom is about to start his new job. Im not about to apologize to him.,
11、过去将来时( past future tense),过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。,过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day). He told me he would come here later. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。 如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if
12、I helped him with the project. Every time when he was free, he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书),表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。 如：She told me she would be 18 the next month. She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog. 过去将来时还可以表示一
13、个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞),现在进行时(present continuous tense),现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。, 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this , these等,但经常不用。 如：What are you doing under the tree?( I am writing a long nove
14、l these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。 如：Im coming now.(我就来) What are you doing tomorrow? He is leaving soon.(他就要走了), 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。 如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time late
15、r.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净),过去进行时(past continuous tense),过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。, 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning), 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday. The little girl was p
16、laying with her toy when I saw her., 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。 如：She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生) They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest., 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。 如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱),现在完成时( present perfect tense),现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到
