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1、虚拟语气分类总结 精华版一 假设1. If条件句If we had time now, we would do more exercise.If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely.If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.If you
2、 went to the party tonight, you would be disappointed.If it should rain heavily tomrrow, I wouldnt go out. 条件句谓语部分 主句谓语部分总结：现在- 过去- 将来-If you had gone to bed early last night, you would not be so sleepy now.注意：条件句中含有助动词were/should/had时，可以去掉if,将助动词提到句首。思考：上述句子哪些可以省略if，把助动词提到句首。2. If only要是就好了If only
3、there were no mosquitoes in summer.If only we had a longer holiday.If only I had taken your advice.If only I could have a Renyimen.总结： 与现在相反 与过去相反 If only 3. 含有but for, without, otherwise 的含蓄条件的情况Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we would not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If the
4、re were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise（=if he hadnt felt tired yesterday），he would have attended the party.例1：We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011江西卷28)A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. w
5、ould have put 例2: I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011陕西卷22) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone 二、名词性从句中的虚拟1. wish 后的宾从I wish it were spring all year round.I wish I would enjoy a longer holiday in the future.She wished her husband had stayed at ho
6、me yesterday. Where are the children? I wish they _ always late. (2011北京卷28) A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been2. 在“一坚持、二命令、三要求、四建议”（insist, order/command, demand/request/require, suggest/advise/propose/recommend）等动词以及它们的名词形式相关的名词性从句中谓语动词用“(should) +动词原形”表虚拟。The teacher order
7、ed that all the books (should) be handed in on time.The doctor suggested that the patient give up smoking.It is suggested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms. His suggestion was that the meeting (should) be put off.The manager gave a suggestion that the meeting should be put off.注意：当suggest表示暗
8、示，说明之意；insist表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3 在含有necessary/ important/ natural/strange/sorry等形容词的主语从句中，用should+动词原形It is important that everyone (should) respect ohters.It is strange th
9、at such a man (should) have so many friends.三、其他特殊情况1. 在it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we went home/ that we should go home.2. .would rather可以直接跟动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）I wou
10、ld rather stay at home.Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done it.四、 “情态动词+have done”的用法might / could have done表示对过去所发生的事情作可能性推测，或者表示本来可以做而事实上未做的事情should / ought to have done表示本应该做的事情而事实上未做，含有对对方的责备。neednt have done表示做了本不应该做的事情。You neednt have taken an umbrella. The weather is so fine.Today is the deadline. You should have finished your task.If he had had enough money yesterday, he could have bought the book.
