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1、宁夏理工学院毕业设计摘要与发达国家相比，我国电力工业的起步晚。经过半个多世纪的学习借鉴和发展现在我国已有制造 1000MW 的超临界超超临界电站锅炉。虽然我国已有大量亚临界及以上大型锅炉自主的制造和运行经验，但与世界先进机组相比还有一定差距，应当尽快进行改造，缩短这些差距锅 炉 在 国 民 经 济 中 占 有 不 可 或 缺 的 地 位 ， 是 电 厂 三 大 主 机 之 一 ， 是 非 常 值 得 研 究的 。 而水冷壁是锅炉的主要受热部分，它由数排钢管组成，分布于锅炉炉膛的四周。它的内部，为流动的水或蒸汽，外界接受锅炉炉膛的火焰的热量。其中锅炉炉膛内燃烧中心的温度可高达 15001600
2、度。 水冷壁的作用是吸收炉膛中高温火焰或烟气的辐射热量，在管内产生蒸汽或热水，并降低炉墙温度，保护炉墙。在大容量锅炉中，炉内火焰温度很高，热辐射的强度很大。工作环境特别恶劣。所以生产出稳定、高效且具经济性的锅炉已经是未来锅炉制造业发展的一种趋势。所以生产出稳定、高效且具经济性的锅炉已经是未来锅炉制造业发展的一种趋势。因此，本次设计着重从安全、稳定、高效和经济性出发，设计一台最大蒸发量为 1025 吨，为亚临界压力，一次中间再热，单炉膛，强制循环汽包锅炉，设计燃料为烟煤的2300MW 机组锅炉的水冷壁。本设计采用了当前国内已经得到广泛应用的 300MW 亚临界锅炉水冷壁结构为垂直管屏式垂直管屏相
3、合的冷壁结构本设计是 300MW 汽轮机组锅炉炉内受热面的设计在设计过程中，对锅炉在运行过程中可能存在的问题进行了一些分析和思考。进一步降低每千瓦的设备投资金属消耗并提高机组运行的经济性和安全性，通过设计本身，了解锅炉结构知识，为今后工作中可能遇到的锅炉问题能够提供一些理论支持设计锅炉水冷壁需要分析，了解锅炉受热面布置细节充分了解水冷壁的结构设计与炉膛容积，炉膛火焰有效辐射厚度，炉膛水冷程度等因素的影响，通过多次的取值校正从而使设计符合设计要求。关键词：煤粉锅炉；水冷壁；亚临界锅炉宁夏理工学院毕业设计IAbstractThe boiler is economically developing
4、the commodity that times cannot lack, and is worth studying very much. What and the water-cooling wall was the boiler chiefly is heated the part, and it is formed by several rows of steel pipes, and distributes in the vicinity of the boiler chamber of a stove or furnace. It inside, for liquid water
5、or steam, the quantity of heat of the flame of the boiler chamber of a stove or furnace is accepted in the external world. Among them inside the boiler chamber of a stove or furnace the central temperature of combustion can reach 15001600 degree. The water-cooling wall is when designing beginning, a
6、nd the purpose is not being heated, and is in order to become cool the chamber of a stove or furnace makes does not receive high temperature destruction. Later, owing to his good heat exchange function, replace the vapour bundle gradually becoming the boiler and chiefly is heated the part. The effec
7、t of water-cooling wall is absorbing in the chamber of a stove or furnace radiation quantity of heat of high temperature flame or smoke gas, and gives rise to steam or hot water in the pipe, and reduces the stove wall temperature, and protects the stove wall. The flame temperature is very high insid
8、e the stove in the high-capacity boiler, and heat-radiating intensity is very big. The work environment is special odious. So producing out to stablize and the boiler of economic nature of high efficiency and possessing has been the follow-on one kind of trend of coming boiler manufacturing industry
9、. Therefore this design is stressed from safety, stablizing, high efficiency and economic nature and is set out, design the biggest voporrization to measure to 1025 tons, one Taiwan design, and hot again among one of, forcing the circulation vapour bundle boiler, design fuel is the water-cooling wal
10、l of 2 s 300MWs unit boiler of bituminous coal to one chamber of a stove or furnace. This design is drawn up adopting the present time more inferior critical boiler water-cooling wall structure of internal 300MW who has got the extensive use, and the lower part is for the spiral pipe circle type, an
11、d the top adds the perpendicular synthetical water-cooling wall structure that the pipe screen each other combines for the spiral pipe circle of perpendicular pipe screen type. 宁夏理工学院毕业设计IIDesigning this Taiwan boiler is on the foundation to understand the electric power plant basic structure of coa
12、l powder boiler and grasps his work principle, and used thermal conduction study and engineering thermodynamics etc to be mutually related rudimentary knowledge, and by way of consulting the tool books, has been in progress that the boiler assists the calculation and the chamber of a stove or furnac
13、e geometry characteristic is counted, and chamber of a stove or furnace heating power counts. Consult a large number of documents and sums up to write on the foundation of forefathers experience. In summary, this design is on development present situation, development trend understands the coal powd
14、er boiler water-cooling wall and the foundation of question that still exists, and designs the water-cooling wall of this Taiwan boiler. The keyword: the coal powder boiler; The water-cooling wall; More inferior critical boiler宁夏理工学院毕业设计- 0 -Abstract.II第 1 章 绪论 .- 2 -1.1 锅炉发展史 .- 2 -1.2 电站锅炉 .- 4 -1.3 煤粉锅炉 .- 4 -1.4 水冷壁 .- 5 -1.5 本课题的研究方向 .- 6 -第 2 章 计算说明书 .- 7 -2.1 锅炉设计条件及性能数据 .- 7 -2.2 燃煤特性 .- 7 -2.3 煤的元素分析数据校核和煤种判别 .- 8 -2.3.1 元素校核 .- 8 -2.4 煤种判别 .- 9 -2.41 煤种判别 .
