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1、外文文献：Central and Eastern European countries is how to use FDI to develop employmentJustin BlairDate of Publication: 4 August 2009A Central and Eastern European countries, FDI, output and employment data description(A) changes in economic growth and employment trends describedFrom a planned economy t
2、o a market economy at the beginning, most Central and Eastern European countries have experienced serious transformational recession. Starting in 1995, these countries have begun to resume growth in the late 1990s to the beginning of the transition to restore the level of economic development, 1995
3、to 2007 are in the 3-4.5% growth rate. The resumption of growth accompanied by a substantial increase in productivity, employment has had a profound impact in most countries (especially the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland) slow employment growth even at a standstill. Of course, by the different e
4、ffects of reform rhythm, different country-specific unemployment situation is very different. Hungary and Slovenia in 1995 before the unemployment rate is already high, and then declined. Czech unemployment rate is less than 5% from 1996 to 1999, the rapid rise of nearly 10%, mainly by its lagging e
5、conomic reforms and the end of the 1990s due to the financial crisis. Poland and Slovakia, the unemployment rate in the early 1990s has been at a high level, even in the late 1990s to 20%, followed by decline, even so, in 2005 the level of unemployment in these two countries remains 18% and 16%.Weak
6、 employment situation with countries in stark contrast, since 1995 the GDP of these countries, especially in the economic value have experienced substantial growth. Compare Figure 1 and Figure 2, it is clear that changes in the rate of employment growth trajectory and the trajectory of the economy d
7、oes not match, employment growth lagged behind economic growth, there is no doubt that the employment problem for the Central and Eastern European countries are still facing an economic development major challenge.(Two) FDI, industrial structure and employment structure descriptionThe added value of
8、 a structure of three industriesAfter transformation of Central and Eastern European countries in economic development presents a clear go farming trend, either output or employment (see Table 1 and Table 2), the agricultural sector in the economic development of the position are very limited, and t
9、he proportion showing downward trend, as of 2007, studied in this paper seven in Central and Eastern European countries, agriculture accounted for the proportion of total economic value added is below 5%. In addition to the Czech Republic, the manufacturing output in all countries have different deg
10、rees of gravity of decline, the proportion is less than 25%. With agriculture and manufacturing in stark contrast, the service sector in economic development, a significant increase in the proportion of the average total economic added value accounted for more than 60%.Two three industrial employmen
11、t structureIn the planned economy, the service industry gave way to industrial and agricultural, so the period of economic restructuring, an important feature of labor from agriculture and industry to services flows. The proportion of service sector employment in all countries increased significantl
12、y and accounted for more than 60% were. Latvia, the lowest proportion of service sector employment, 58.7%. Therefore, regardless of the structure of output or employment from a structural point of view, the CEE countries have already entered service-oriented development stage.3 FDI in the manufactur
13、ing and distribution servicesFrom the industrial distribution, since 1997, national service sector FDI overall upward trend (except for Latvia and Lithuania), in which Poland and Slovenia rising fastest. Services FDI FDI stock accounted for the proportion of each country were more than 40%, of which
14、 the highest proportion of Hungary, reaching 88%. It is noteworthy that, although the proportion of national downward trend in FDI in manufacturing industry, but the economy still occupies an important position. Services and manufacturing FDI of these countries to attract FDI accounted for the propo
15、rtion of total above 80%, indicating that these two industries than in other sectors attracting FDI is very limited. Comprehensive preceding analysis we can see that the proportion of manufacturing industry in attracting FDI in the economy and manufacturing output and employment share is not very co
16、nsistent.Second, the empirical analysisIn our empirical study, respectively, with value-added manufacturing and services value added to the total value added ratio change indicates changes in industrial structure, but with manufacturing employment and employment services employment to the total employment rate of change indicates structure. Employment indicators expressed in the literature there are usually two, one is to use employment statistics, and
