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1、 “宾语从句” 专项复习目的: 学习宾语从句的基本用法.重点: 宾语从句的基本结构及用法.难点: 宾语从句的三要素-引导词、语序和时态三方面基本用法：在句中用作宾语的句子就叫宾语从句。宾语从句不仅可用作及物动词、介词和某些形容词的宾语.（形容词如：sure,afraid,gladAnxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, sati
2、sfied, content 等）。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。基本结构：是在主句与从句之间有一个引导词，其结构为“主语+谓语动词+引导词+主语+谓语+其 它”。 主句 宾语从句一：宾语从句的引导词 1. 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that 无词义，不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk. 她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上。从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；主从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略；若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且
3、由并列连词连 接时，只有第一个连词that可以省去，其余保留；that 引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句时，that不能省。如：He thought that that was a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机。It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着，它过去是演戏用的。My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来，还要带她的女儿来。I think that if yo
4、u have lostthe library book,you must pay for it.后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如： I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 不可用
5、that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)来源:学优高考网gkstk2. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，用if或whether来引导从句，意为“是否
6、”。如： Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag. 艾丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。 在下列几种情况下，只能用whether, 不能用if: 当or not 紧随连词之后时。如： I dont know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按时来。 从句用作介词宾语时。如： I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。 在带to的动词不定式前。如： She doesnt know
7、whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如： Whether this is true or not, Im not sure. 这是否真实，我不敢肯定。3. 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词用 作连接代（副）词引导，它们在宾语从句中充当一定成分，因此不能省略。连接代词what,which,who(m),whose和连接副词when,where,why,how在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。如：He wondered what had happ
8、ened to her。 (作主语)Did you hear what he said? 你听见他说的话了吗？（作宾语）I dont know whose that is. 我不知道那是谁的。（作表语）Could you tell me how I get to the post office? 你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗？（作状语） 二：宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词（+被修饰词）+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构即无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句，也无论主从句间是什么引导词，宾语从句一律用陈述语序，其标点符号由主
9、句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。如： Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live? Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives?I dont know . /Whose bag is that?I dont know Whose bag that is. 当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时，语序本来就是陈述语序，故语序不再变化。如： Who will give us a talk? Please tell us. 来源:gkstk.Com Please tell us wh
10、o will give us a talk. 三：宾语从句的时态 主句是祈使句或一般现在时或将来时，则宾语从句可根据句意的需要而选用任何一种时态. He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 若主句是一般过去时 ，宾语从句用表示过去的某种时态。一般使用规律是这样的：主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，其宾语从句的谓语动词一般也须用过去范畴中的某种时态(如过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时)My father said that he was mending his bike. 我父亲说他正在修理自行车。 如果
11、宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何 种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播快。Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun. (伽利略坚持地球绕太阳运行的说法。) He said time is money. 他说时间就是金钱。四：宾语从句的简化（转换） 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choos
12、e, wish, decide 等，其后用that引导的宾语从句，若主从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结 构。如：He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English. 2 当主句谓语动词为see, hear, watch, find等词时，其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构，宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词。如：I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. I heard her sing
13、some songs in the next room. 3 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do. Can you tell me how I get to the hospital? Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?五：宾语从句的否定转移和反意问疑问句 否定转移：当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe等词时，并且主语为第一人
14、称时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。如：I believe. he will not come tomorrowI dont believe that he will come tomorrow. 我相信他明天不会来。I think .Jim wont come back in a day.I dont think Jim will come back in a day反意问疑问句：注意带有宾语从句的反意问疑问句与从句一致时所具备的条件：主句主语是一人称； 谓语是一般现在时； 主句谓语动词常是think, suppose, guess, believe等词。六引导词 It代宾语从句 I
15、t 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语。在“及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语若由从句担任，则常放在宾语补足语之后，而在原来宾语的位置上用It作形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.Ifind it neccssary that we should ask him for his advice.We think it possible that young people master at least two foreign languages.He made it clear that he did a good job.他清楚地表明他做得很好。七宾语从句和状语从句的区分eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fi
