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1、语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 被动语态的构成是：助动词be动词过去分词。,Period Three Grammar,Speaking & Writing,一、各种时态的主、被动语态 1各种时态的主、被动语态,2注意事项 (1)“be过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。 Im interested
2、 in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。 He seems unsatisfied with his work. 看起来他对他的工作不满意。 (2)“get过去分词”也表被动 He was caught in a big fire and got burnt. 他遇上了大火并被烧伤了。,(3)某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义 read，write，act，iron，burn，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，drink等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时，用主动形式表达被动
3、意义，且常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。 The door doesnt open easily. 门不容易打开。 Bikes of that kind sell well. 那种自行车卖得很好。,(4)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit，have，wish，cost，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to等。 This key just fits the
4、lock. 这把钥匙能开这把锁。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你的故事同听说的一样。,即时跟踪1 用所给词的正确形式填空 1I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ (repair)at the garage. 2George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding? No，I _(not，invite)Did they have a big wedding? 3This is one of
5、the oldest temples in China.It _(date)back to the 9th century. 4The flowers were so lovely that they _(sell)in no time. 5My money _(run)out.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before Ive none in hand.,is being repaired,hadnt been invited,dates,were sold,is running,动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的
6、宾语和状语，还有时态和语态特征。当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。,二、不定式的被动形式,2用法 (1)作主语 Its a pity to be kept in the house in such fine weather. 在这样的好天气里被关在家里真是遗憾。 (2)作宾语 The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again. 那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。 (3)作表语 Her dream is to be sent to study abroad. 她的梦想是被派往国外留学。,(4)作宾语补足语或主语补足
7、语 The captain ordered the work to be done at once. 船长命令立刻做这项工作。 The book is said to have been translated into French. 据说这本书已被译成了法语。 (5)作定语 There were plans to be made at once. 要立即制订计划。 He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting. 他是最后一个被邀请在会议上发言的人。 (6)作状语 His mother left the small villag
8、e，never to be seen again. 他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没人见过她。,即时跟踪2 用所给动词的正确形式填空并写出其在下列句中 所作的成分 1George returned after the war，only _(tell)that his wife had left him. _ 2Weve had a good start，but next，more work needs _ _(do)to achieve the final success. _ 3Its important for the figures _(update)regularly. _ 4It to
9、ok a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _(make) _ 5Are you going to attend the important meeting _(hold) next Monday？ _,to be told,作结果状语,to be,done,作宾语,to be updated,作主语,to be made,作宾语补足语,to be held,作定语,3不定式的主动形式表被动意义的用法 (1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间是动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关
10、系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 He has a family to support.(to support与family是动宾关系，与he是主谓关系) 他要维持一个家庭。 注意：若句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式必须用被动式。 Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted？(不定式的被动语态作定语，you不是post动作的执行者) 我要去邮局，你有信要寄吗？,(2)在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有
11、nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 That question is difficult to answer. 那个问题不容易回答。 (3)在there be.句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。,There is no time to lose/to be lost.(用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。) 没有时间可浪费了。 (4)某些动词的不定式
12、与be连用时。这类动词常用的有to blame，to seek，to let等。 I felt I was to blame for this failure. 我觉得这次失败在我。,即时跟踪3 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable _(sit)on. 2She had no money _(buy)a birthday present for their children. 3The car is rather difficult _(repair) 4Who is _(bla
13、me)for it? 5I have no more letters _(type)，thank you.,to sit,to buy,to repair,to blame,to be typed,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _(reward)with success in the end. (2016北京) 2It is reported that a space station _(build)on the moon in years to com
14、e. (2015安徽) 3Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement _ _(reach)so far by the two sides. (2015天津) 4Tai Chi _(call)“shadow boxing” in English. (2014辽宁),will be rewarded,will be built,has,been reached,is called,5We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after
15、. (2014广东) 6While waiting for the opportunity to get _(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. (2014安徽) 7A Midsummer Nights Dream _(open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June，and then tours throughout Scotland. (2013重庆) 8The airport _ (complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013四川) 9This machine is very easy _(operate)Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2012辽宁),were told,promoted,opens,to b
