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1、担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句，定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词来引导，关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且在从句中充当一定的成分。根据其与先行词的密切程度，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。,Period Three Grammar,Speaking & Writing,限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开。如果去掉它，句子意思就不完整或不明确。译成汉语时，一般先译定语从句，再译先行词。引导限制性定语从句的关系词有：who，whom，that，which，a
2、s，whose，when，where，why。其位置一般紧跟在先行词之后，如果先行词再跟介词短语作定语时，定语从句置于后面。 I saw a book on the desk whose cover is yellow. 我看见了书桌上一本封面是黄颜色的书。 I dont like people who always think of themselves. 我不喜欢那些总是为他们自己着想的人。,一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1常用的关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as(在从句中作主语、宾语、表语) 2意义及作用 Is he the man who/that wan
3、ts to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语),He is the man(whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) The dog which/that was lost has been found. 丢失的狗找到了。(which/that在从句中用作主语)The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语) Children w
4、ho are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 不爱活动，饮食含脂肪高的孩子们会很快发胖。(whose diet表示孩子们的饮食),He lives in a room whose window faces south. 他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的) 3定语从句先行词为事或物时，只能用that不用which引导的情况： (1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 That is one of the most interesting books that are sold
5、in the bookshop. 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。,(3)先行词是不定代词时，如all，few，little，much，anything，nothing，something等。 I have forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我把学校学的所有东西都给忘了。 (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 The writer and his novel th
6、at you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很有名。 (5)先行词被only，the very，no，one of等修饰时。 My necklace is not the only thing thats missing. 我不只是丢了一条项链。,(6)在以which，who，whom引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用that。 Which is the movie that you like best? 哪部是你最喜欢的电影？ (7)先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用that。
7、 China is no longer the country that she was. 中国再也不是原来的那个国家了。 4在下列情况下只用which而不用that： (1)当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。,The world in which we live is made of matter. 我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能 用which。 The sun heats the earth，which makes it possible for plants to grow. 太阳给予大
8、地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。,即时跟踪1 用适当的关系代词填空 1I met a word _ meaning escaped me. 2They work in a factory _ makes radio parts. 3This is the vision phone through _ we can see and talk to our friends. 4Those _ want to go to the computer room write your names here. 5He talked about the teachers and schools _ he h
9、ad visited.,whose,which/that,which,who,that,二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语) 2意义及作用 I will never forget the days when I was forced to drop out of school. 我永远也忘不了我被迫辍学的那些日子。,I dont know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来那么晚的原因。 The room where he used to live has now been turned int
10、o a museum. 他过去住的那所房子现在变成了一座博物馆了。 注意：并非先行词表示时间、地点、原因时都分别用when，where，why来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间、地点或原因的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。 Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 你还记得我们在学校一起度过的那些日子吗？,The reason that he gave for his being late is unreasonable. 他
11、为迟到给出的理由不合理。 This is the place which we visited last time. 这是我们上次去过的地方。,即时跟踪2 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely. 2The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside. 3Can
12、 you help me to think of a reason _ seems reasonable for my being absence?,where,when,that,三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 1关系代词的选定 如果先行词指事(物)，关系代词就用which，指人用whom。 This is the classroom in which we studied last year. 这就是我们去年学习用的教室。 There are sixty students in our class，twenty of whom are girls. 我们班有六十名学生，其中二十名是女生
13、。,2介词的选定 (1)根据先行词来选用介词。 The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help. 我来这儿的原因是我想得到你的帮助。 The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look. 我曾经工作过的农场呈现出一派新景象。 (2)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。 The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago. 这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。,Volleyb
14、all is a sport of which I am very fond. 排球是我很喜欢的运动。 (3)根据句意确定介词。 This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera. 这个就是我给他买照相机的飞行员。 注意：很多情况下关系副词可以用“介词which/whom”来代替。 The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life. The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of
15、 my life. 见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。,This is a hall where the medical conference will be held. This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held. 医学会议将在这个礼堂召开。,即时跟踪3 用适当的介词填空 1The school _ which he once studied is very famous. 2Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ which you asked. 3Well go
16、 to hear the famous singer _ whom we have often talked. 4The man _ whom you talked is my friend. 5The English play _ which my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.,in,for,about,with,in,.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1I live next door to a couple _ children make a lot of noise. (2016北京) 2The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work. (2015
