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1、直接引语变间接引语练习题主讲：梅 琳复习要点阐述今天我们复习直接引语和间接引语，我们复习如下的内容：一、直接引语和间接引语的特点 1直接引语的特点 2间接引语的特点二、直接引语与间接引语的转换1人称变化 2时态变化 3指示代词的变化 4时间状语的变化 5地点状语的变化6方向性动词的变化三、不同句式的直接引语怎样转换为间接引语1陈述句 2疑问句 3祈使句 4感叹句(一)直接引语和间接引语的特点直接引语和间接引语是人们用来直接引述或间接转述别人话语的重要形式，这两种形式各有特点。1直接引语的特点直接引语用来直接引述别人的话语，一般说来具有以下五个特点：（1）被引用的话放在引号内；（2）被引用的话是
2、原话，不作任何改动；（3）引用的话之前用“，” 或“ ：”；（4）引用的话结束后，需用“”、“!” 、“?”等标点符号；（5）引出直接引语的引述动词常为 say(说道) ，ask(问道)，shout(喊道) ，cry( 喊道) ，order(命令) ，add(补充道)，smile(微笑道)，laugh(大笑道)等。e.g. Laura said, “I would like to visit China this summer.”劳拉说：“今年夏天，我想去中国游览。”“Mary will give me a nice present,” Bobbie said.博比说：“玛丽要给我一件精美的礼
3、物。”Lisa asked, “Can someone help me out?”丽莎问：“有人能帮我吗?”David said to me, “I have been ill since 1ast week.”大卫对我说：“自上周以来，我一直病着。”Justin asked his mother, “Can I watch TV for a while?”贾斯廷问妈妈：“我能看一会儿电视吗?”Paula said, “Therell be a lecture tomorrow afternoon.”保拉说：“明天下午有一个讲座。”The doctor asked:“Whats the mat
4、ter with you?”医生问：“你怎么了?”The girl smiled,“Im delighted to see you again.”姑娘微笑道：“我很高兴再次见到你。”2间接引语的特点间接引讲用来转述别人的话语，它主要有如下几个特点：（1）在引述谓语和被引用的话语之问不用逗号、冒号、引号等；（2）有时态的变化；（3）有人称、时间、地点等的变化；（4）常用的引述动词有 say(说道) ，ask(问道)，shout(喊道 )，cry( 喊道) ，order( 命令) ，add(补充道 )，smile(微笑道)，laugh(大笑道)等。e.g.Mill said that he wou
5、ld stay in China for another year.米尔说他将在中国再呆一年。Lily told me that she had phoned you.莉莉告诉我她给你打过电话。The girl asked me if I could help her.小姑娘问我是否能帮她。Tamara asked Tanya when they would start off.特玛拉问塔尼亚他们什么时候出发。(二)直接引语与间接引语的转换直接引语在很多情况下可以转换成间接引语，此时应注意人称、时态、地点状语和时间状语的变化，同时还应注意不同句式的变化。1人称的变化直接引语中的代词变为间接引语
6、时，要根据句意情景进行变化。变化规则如下表所示：直接引语 间接引语第一人称 第三人称或第一人称第二人称 第三人称或第一人称第三人称 第三人称e.g.I said,“I wont lose heart.”I said that 1 wouldnt lose heart.我说我不会灰心的。(第一人称 I 不变)I told Mary,“We will help you out of trouble.”I told Mary that we would help her out of trouble.我告诉玛丽我们会帮助她解决麻烦的。(第一人称 we 不变，第二人 you 变为第三人称 her)Na
7、ncy told her parents,“Evan is a nice boy. He is always ready to help.”Nancy told her parents that Evan was a nice boy and that he was always ready to help.南希告诉父母说伊文是一个不错的小伙并且他总是乐于助人。(第三人称 he 不变)2时态的变化主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语中时态和原直接引语的时态一样，不作改变。e.g.Carson says,“I will have all of you over and enjoy
8、 our free and easy time.”Carson says that he will have all of us over and enjoy our free and easy time.卡森说他会让我们都过来自由、轻松地好好玩一玩。（1）时态变化的情况如果主句为过去的某种时态，则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态，如下表所示：直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时一般过去时 过去完成时 现在完成时现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时e.g.Tina said,“I usually get up at six.”Tim
9、said she usually got up at six.蒂娜说她通常六点起床。(一般现在时变为一般过去时 )Martin told me,“I rang Alice yesterday.”Martin told me that he had rung Alice the day before.马丁告诉我说他昨天已经给艾丽斯打电话了。(一般过去时变为过去完成时)Nina told me,“Lisa is studying abroad.”Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad.尼娜告诉我丽莎正在国外学习。(现在进行时变为过去进行时)Hayley
10、 said to me,“I will see you at the same place tomorrow.”Hayley said to me that she would see me at the same place the next day.海莉对我讲她第二天要在同一地点见我。(一般将来时变为过去将来时)Nell said,“I have worked out this problem.”Nell said that she had worked out that problem.内尔说她已经做出了那道题目。(现在完成时改为过去完成时)Bob told me,“I had work
11、ed here for years before I moved out.”Bob told me that he had worked there for years before he moved out.鲍勃告诉我说他在那儿工作了多年才搬走。(过去完成时不变)（2）时态不需要变化的几种情况一般说来当直接引语转为间接引语，被转述的话依然有效或在当时、当地转述时，常常不改变时态。具体有以下几种情况。直接引语有确定的过去时间时。e.g.Chloe said,“The story took place in the 1930s.”Chloe said that the story took pl
12、ace in the 1930s.克劳说这个故事发生在二十世纪三十年代。只着眼于转述事实，而不侧重动作先于转述动作的时间时。e.g.The boy said,“I found the dog just at the edge of the wood.”The boy said that he found the dog just at the edge of the wood.男孩说他在森林边上发现了那条狗。所转述的动作或状态说话时仍在继续，并对此点加以强调时。e.g.The reporter said,“The war is now still on.”The reporter said t
13、hat the war is now still on.记者说战争依然在继续。Charlie told me,“I am just helping my dad on the farm right now.”Charlie told me that he is just helping his dad on the farm right now.查理告诉我说他现在正在农场帮他父亲干活。所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等，并对此加以强调时。e.g.Our English teacher said,“All work no play makes Jack a dull boy.”Our En
14、glish teacher told US that all work no play makes Jack a dull boy.我们的英语老师告诉我们只顾学习不休息，聪明的孩子也变傻。3指示代词的变化直接引语中的 this 在变为间接引语时应改为 that，these 改为 those。e.g.Toby said to me,“This is the School Computer Center.”Toby said to me that was the School Computer Center.(this 变为 that)托比告诉我说那就是学校计算机中心。Kerry told me,
15、“These photos were taken ten years ago.”Kerry told me that those photos had been taken ten years before.(these 变为 those)克里告诉我说那些照片是十年前拍的。注意：在说话者的当时、当地转述时，this，that 不用改变。Nora said,“Ill take this book.”What did Nora say just now?She said she will take this book.4时间状语的变化直接引语 间接引语now 现在 then 那时today 今天
16、that day 那天this evening 今晚 that evening 那天晚上yesterday 昨天 the day before 前天yesterday morning 昨天上午 the morning before 前天早晨last night 昨天晚上 the night before 前天晚上two days ago 两天前 two days before 两天前next week 下周 the next weekthe following week 第二周tomorrow 明天 the next daythe following day 第二天the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 两天前the day after tomorrow 后天 in two days timetwo days after 两天后e.g.Nell said,“Im now visiting China.”N
