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1、Conjunction 连词,初三英语专项复习,并列连词；从属连词,连词是用来连接词、短语、从句和句子的。 在句中，连词不单独作句子成分，也不重读。,Xiao Ming and Wei Fang are good friends. He usually gets up at six in the morning and goes to bed at half past nine in the evening. The old man is Toms grandfather and the young man is Toms father. Ill go with you if I am fre
2、e.,六、连词的分类,1.并列连词 （连接并列的词，短语或句子） 2.从属连词 （引导从句，如宾从或状从）,并 列 连 词,相联关系 and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also),as well as and: 三者或三者以上的并列成分，只需在最后两者之间加and,前面各个之间用逗号 You, he and I are all students. 改为if/unless 引导的从句： Work hard, and you will be able to pass the exam. If, Youunless,并 列 连 词,bo
3、thand Both my father and mother are teachers. He loves both science and art. not onlybut also Not only my father but also my mother loves me. eitheror Either my two brothers or my father is going to meet my mother at the airport. She can talk to you either in English or in Chinese. neithernor,并 列 连
4、词,as well as=andas well He has experience as well as knowledge. He has experience and knowledge, as well. as well as强调前者，谓语动词要根据前者确定 not only but also强调后者谓语动词根据后者确定， 如：I as well as Tom am good at maths. = Not only Tom but also I am good at maths. Mr Li is not only our teacher but also our friend. =
5、Mr Li is our friend as well as our teacher.,2. 转折关系 but, while, notbut There isnt anything but a newspaper on the shelf. A clock has no mouth, but hands. Li Ming is idle, while his brother is diligent. 3.选择关系 or, eitheror 改为if/unless 引导的从句: Hurry up，or youll be late for school.,并 列 连 词,并 列 连 词,4. 因果
6、关系 for, so, (for 表示附加的推断的理由) We must be in a hurry, for we havent enough time. I must go now, for my mother is waiting for me. I have a lot of things to do, so I cant go with you.,从属连词用来引导状语从句： (1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since（自从，直到）, as soon as等。 (2)引导原因状语从句的because, a
7、s, since,now that等。 (3)引导条件状语从句的if, unless, as long as（只要）等。 (4)引导让步状语从句的though, although,even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。 (5)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。,从 属 连 词,1)时间状从,Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 Vegetables are best when they are fresh.
8、蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。 He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。 She didnt go to bed until her mother came. He went to bed last night till 11:30pm. We have learned English since you were 9 years old. Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我
9、们将坐在草地上。 Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。,2)原因状从,He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。 As you are sorry，Ill forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。 Since weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。 Seeing that hes ill hes unlikely to come. 因为他病了，他大概不会来了。 Now that she has a
10、pologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。,3)条件状从,Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧? Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。 As long as youre happy，it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。 In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。 注意：在条状从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来意义，不能用将来时态。有时表示条件的
11、 if之后可能用 will，但不是将来时态, 而是表意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如： If you will sit down for a few moments, Ill tell the manager youre here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。,4）让步状从,Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。 I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。 You wont move th
12、at stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。 Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。 Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。 Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。,5)目的状从,He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个
13、人都能听见。 Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。 She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。,(6) 引导结果状语从句的, so that; sothat, suchthat等。 (7)引导比较状语从句的than, asas等。 (8) 引导地点状语从句的where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。 （9）引导方式状从的有than,asas(中间
14、用原级),从 属 连 词,6）结果状从,I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。 I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。,7）比较状从,She was now happier than she had ever been.
15、 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。 I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，时间比我想像的早。 He doesnt work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那样努力。,8）地点状从,The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。 Ill take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。 Everywhere I go，I find the same t
16、hing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。,9）引导方式状从,Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢? Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。 I sounds as if you had a good time. 听起来你似乎过得很愉快。,whether if 是否,从属连词用来引导宾语从句： (1)引导陈述句做宾语从句,that (2)引导一般疑问句做宾语从句,if,whether (3)引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句, who,when,what,how,which,how long,why等,从 属 连 词,从 属 连 词,whose, what, which, where, when 引导的名词性从句（含宾语从句） that, whether, if, who, I dont believe (that
