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1、Section Grammar & Writing,品味语法 1.He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 2.Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine. 3.I returned the book that I had borrowed. 4.The princess is going to have her new clothes made by a young tailor. 5.I have/get my clothes washed.,【自我探究】 例1
2、、例2和例3考查过去完成时态。该时态表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”，基本结构：主语had过去分词(done)。例4和例5考查have/get something done。,讲解归纳 过去完成时和have/get something done .过去完成时 一、过去分词的构成 1.一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它(即表“过去的过去”)，那么发生在前的事情的动词须用过去完成时。时间状语可用“before过去的时间”等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可通过上下文来表示。,She had learned some Engli
3、sh before she came to the institute. 她在来学院之前已学过一些英语。 He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年了。 2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，until，by the end of，before 2011，by the time句子等。,By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那时，他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had know
4、n nothing about it yet. 到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 3.Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when.；No sooner had.done.than.。when和than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚就”。,Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚开动，汽车的轮胎就漏气了。 4.It
5、 was/had been一段时间since从句。since从句中谓语用过去完成时。,It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们10年没这么高兴了。 5.That/It was the first/second.timethat从句。that从句谓语要用过去完成时。 It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。,That was the first time that I had passed the exam. 那是我第
6、一次考试及格。 6.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope，expect，mean，intend，want，think，suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。 I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿),I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。 I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来呢。 二、过去完成时同现在完成时及一般过去时的区别,1.过去完
7、成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have(has)过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。,比较：I have learned 1，000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 I had learned 1，000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 2.过去完成时与
8、一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：,(1)时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。 They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点到达车站。,(2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was
9、very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her，too.She had just won the first in the composition competition. 她很高兴，她的所有家人都对她感到满意。她刚刚在作文竞赛中获得了一等奖。,.have/get something done 一、含义 have/get sth.done表示要别人为自己做某事，动作不是由主语发出的，宾语sth.与过去分词之间是被动关系。 二、用法 1.表示动作的完成。 We had the machine mended just now. 我们刚才让人把机器
10、修好了。,He has had/got his hair cut. 他已经(让人给他)理了发。 2.表示让别人做某事。 They are going to have their house painted. 他们准备让人把房子粉刷一下。 3.表示主语遭遇某事(尤指不好或不幸的事)。 The young lady had her wallet stolen on the bus the other day.,前几天，这位年轻女士在公交车上丢了钱包。 Charles had his head cut off. 查理一世遭斩首。,专项训练 .用动词的适当形式填空 1.We _(paint)the h
11、ouse before we _(move)in. 2.They _(study)the map of the country before they _(leave),had painted,moved,had studied,left,3.The robbers _(run away)before the policemen _(arrive) 4.I _(turn off)all the lights before I _(go)to bed. 5.Paul _(go)out with Jane after he _(make)a phone call. 6.Tom _(say)he _
12、(read)the book twice.,had run away,arrived,turned off,went,went,made,said,had read,7.When I _(arrive)at the station，he _(leave) 8.I waited until he _(finish)his homework. 9.He said he _already _(give)the book to the teacher.,arrived,had left,had finished,had,given,.单项填空 1.(2011高考辽宁卷)By the time Jack
13、 returned home from England，his son _ from college. Agraduated Bhas graduated Chad been graduating Dhad graduated,解析：选D。句意：到杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。by“到为止”，往往与完成时连用，从returned可以判断，应用过去完成时，故选D。,2.(2011高考湖南卷)It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. Aattended Bhad attended
14、Cam attending Dhave attended 解析：选D。句意：这是我自从来到这个学校听到的最有教育意义的一次讲座。since表示“自从”，往往与完成时连用，且主句是用的现在时态，所以用现在完成时。,3.At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement _ Ahas been reached Bhad been reached Chas reached Dhad reached 解析：选B。“达成协议”的动作发生在was announced之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。,4.You should un
15、derstand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _ often enough. Aexplaining Bto explain Cexplain Dexplained 解析：选D。句意：到现在你应该明白交通规则了。你让别人解释地够多的了。it指代traffic rule，与explain是动宾关系，所以空格处要用过去分词。,5.I _ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. Awould be Bhave been Chad been Dwill be 解析：选C。本题考查动词时态。根据语境可知为过去的某一时态。when引导的时间状语从句中谓语使用了一般过去时，而主句be there动作应发生在set之前，故用过去完成时态。,6.Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I _ your advice. Dont worry.Try again. Afollow Bwould follow Chad followed
