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1、Noun Clause 名词性从句,1、本讲内容： 学习名词性从句。 2、学习要求： （1）掌握名词性从句的种类。 （2）引导名词性从句的连接词。 （3）初步学会运用名词性从句。,名词性从句,3、学习指导： （1）本讲重点： 名词性从句的种类。 （2）本讲难点： 名词性从句的语序。,4、典型例题解析：,名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。它的功能相当于名词，引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类。,1、主词从句 (1) That he will come is certain. (2) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matte
2、r too much. (3) What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.,(4) Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern. (5) Where she has gone is not known yet.,当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主语。,以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1. It+be+形容词+that从
3、句,It is/was certain that clause clear important necessary probable possible,（1）It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （2） It is probable that he told me everything.,2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句,It is / was a pity that clause shame duty,(1) It is a pity that we cant go. (2) It is no surprise t
4、hat our team should have won the game.,3、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句,It is said that clause reported thought hoped believed known,(1) It is said that he is the best student in the class. (2) It is thought that Joe drives badly.,4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物 动词 + that从句。 (1) It seems that Alice is not
5、coming to the party at all. (2) It happened that I was out that day.,(1) This was what Tom was reading. (2) The truth is that I have never been there. (3) It looks as if it is going to rain. (4) The reason why he was late was that he got up late. (5) This is how we overcame the difficulties. (6) Tha
6、t is why she was absent yesterday. (7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.,2、表语从句：,比较下列两句话：,Is it because we are closer to the sun in summer than we are in winter. The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.,3、宾语从句,1、用作及物动词的宾语 (1) They pretended that they were reading in the room. (2) I didn
7、t know what they were talking about. (3) Do you know why winter is colder than summer? (4) He couldnt tell where his home was. (5) John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing would hurt him.,引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去，特别在口语中是这样。 注意： whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句： whether 和 if 引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用whether不用if。,
8、（1） 在whether or not结构中不可用if代替whether I dont know whether or not hell come. I wonder whether it is true or not.,（2）介词后面的宾语从句用whether， 不用if,Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.（后面要讲到介词后面的宾语从句）,（3）引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用if Whether well go depends on the weather. The question is wheth
9、er it is worth doing.,(4) whether 可用在不定式前，if 则不能.,Please tell me whether to go or not.,2、用作介词的宾语从句： I was pleased by what he told me. He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.,注意：介词的宾语从句一般不用which和if来引导，而要分别用what和whether来引导。
10、如：,Are you sorry for what youve done? Everything depends on whether we have enough experience. 不可用if,which不可以,这类形容词常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。 (1) I am sure you looked beautiful that evening. (2) We were not surprised that he returned three days later than
11、 expected.,3、用作某些形容词的宾语从句：,(3) Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing. (4) Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.,注意：如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：,(1) We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. (2) He has
12、 made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,这种句型的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, consider.,4、同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, why, how等。,(1) They exp
13、ressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. (4) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (5) They problem whether it is right or wrong
14、 has not yet been decided.,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。,试比较： He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.（定语从句）,以上是名词性从句例题解析，下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳
15、：,（1）语序 在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句 (what, who, which, when, where, now, why等), 不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。如：,(1) I wonder who she is. (2) The question is when well complete the works. (3) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.,（2）时态： 学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态
16、一致关系。,（1）在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。如：,Mary says that,Tom isnt lazy. Tom is doing well in his lesson. She will ask Tom some questions. Tom may fall behind the others.,She missed us very much. She was writing a letter. She would visit the Great Wall.,She said that,如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。如：,如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：,(1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. (2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets
