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1、第一节 主从复合句的译法,一 定语从句的翻译,二 状语从句的翻译,三 名词性从句的翻译,三、名词性从句的翻译,（1） 主语从句,（2） 表语从句,（3） 宾语从句,（4） 同位语从句,（5） 介词宾语从句,汉语中没有与之相对应的分句， 所以要转译。,（一） 主语从句,1 主语从句引导的是主语，可译为汉语中的主语 （ 只要不是很长）,Whether an object will sink or float on water depends on its density.,物体在水中沉浮取决于其密度。,Where we shall go for practice has not been deci
2、ded.,我们去何处实习尚未决定。,2 即使主语很长，或有几个主语从句并列，也可以用 先述后提法 将之译成汉语的主语。,How energy and matter behave, how they interact one with the other , and how we control them to serve the people make up the substance of two basic physical sciencephysics and chemistry.,能和物质如何起作用，它们如何相互影响，我们如何控制使它为人服务，这些问题构成了两门基础自然科学物理学和化学
3、的内容。,3 主语从句较长的时候，一般用it作形式主语，可以顺译成无主语句。,It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards.,可以看出，这四种煤的总含硫量仅仅靠预先洗选不能降低到完全接近标准的水平。,（二） 表语从句 顺译法：先译主句 后译从句,Energy is what makes things work and it can be changed into heat
4、 or light or used to drive machinery.,能就是能使物体做功的东西，他还能转变成为热和光来驱动机械。,Water is what all living things need.,水是一切生命之需要。,（三） 宾语从句 译成汉语中的宾语,Automatic machines can only do what they have been told to do.,自动化机器只能做人们要求做的那些事。,Every one realizes to what extent the world is dependent on petroleum.,大家都知道（当今）世界对
5、石油的依赖到了何种程度。,（四） 同位语从句,1 译成汉语的后续式分句,In 1905 Einstein worked out a theory that matter and energy were not completely different things.,1905 年爱因斯坦研究出一套理论，即物质与能相关论。,2 译成句中的定语,The fact that electric currents passing through a wire produce heat is known to all.,电流通过导线产生热的这一事实是众所周知。,These uses are based o
6、n the fact that silicon is a semiconductor of electricity.,这些用途是基于硅是电的半导体的这一事实。,3 转译为句中的主谓词组,当同位语所说明的本位语是含有动词意义的词 例如：discovery, hope, suggestion, assurance, knowledge 将其转译成动词 将同位语从句译成动词的宾语.,He expressed the hope that he would do the experiment again.,他表达了他要再做一次实验的愿望（定语）,他表达了他的愿望，即再做一次实验。（后续分句）,他希望他能
7、再做一次实验。,4 译成独立单句,The operation is adaptive in the sense that the tap-gain-adjustment information is derived from the received data.,抽头增益调节的信息是根据所接收的数据推导出来的。从这个意思上说，整个过程是自适应的。,（五） 介词的宾语从句,1 译成名词性词组,The ultimate disposal of these treated waste water is dependent on what they decided.,这些处理过的废水最终如何处置取决于
8、他们的决定。,Electric power can be easily transmitted from where it is generated to where it is needed.,电可以方便地从发电之处送到用电之地。,2 译成主谓词组或动宾词组,The first lesson is about how light travels.,第一课讲光怎样传播。,The kind of engine used depends on what fuel is easily obtained.,选用发动机的种类取决于哪一种燃料容易获得。,3 译成动宾词组的宾语,A motor is not much different from a generator except that their energy origins are not the same.,除了能源不同外，电动机与发电机没有多大不同,
