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1、第8章 Output,本章要点 What is Output? Words and Expressions How To Do：E-mail How To Work：Personal Web Pages Grammar Focus：状语从句 Text in Chinese：输出 Reading Selection：The Web 科技英语翻译方法与技巧（） Practical Writing：通知信,What is Output?,Output is referred to processed data from a computer. Output devices are any hardw
2、are used to provide output from the computer. The most widely used output devices are monitors, printers and audio-output devices. Various output devices effectively translate information processed by the computer into outputsomething that people can understand and use, such as texts, graphics, phot
3、os, audio and video. Figure 8-1 Figure 8-2 Monitor is the most commonly used output device equipped to the microcomputer system (See Figure 8-1). Choosing the right monitor depends on two important factors: size and clarity. A monitors size is indicated by diagonal length of its view area, for insta
4、nce, 15,17,19 inches. A monitors clarity is indicated by its resolution, which is measured in pixels. Pixels are individual dots that form images on a monitor. The greater the resolution (the more pixels), the better the clarity of the image and larger monitors require a higher resolution (more pixe
5、ls). The most common type of monitor for office and home is the cathode-ray tube. The CRT is similar to television technically. Another type of widely used monitor is the flat-panel monitor or called Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor (See Figure 8-2). Technically, LCDs use liquid crystal, much th
6、inner, and fit to portable computers as well as desktop computers. Besides, there are other types of specialized monitors, such as e-book readers, data projectors and high-definition television.,What is Output?,Output on a monitor is called soft copy and on a paper by a printer is called hard copy (
7、See Figure 8-3). Three kinds of printers popularly used with microcomputers are ink-jet, laser and thermal. Ink-jet printers spray small droplets of ink at high speed onto the surface of the paper. Ink-jet printers are reliable and inexpensive to print files and photo-quality images from digital cam
8、eras (See Figure 8-4-a). Laser printers use laser beams to produce images with excellent letter and graphics quality (See Figure 8-4-b). More expensive than ink-jet printers, laser printers are used in applications requiring high-quality output (See Figure 8-4-c). A thermal printer uses heat element
9、s to produce images on heat-sensitive paper. Such printers are mainly used Figure 8-4 Figure 8-5 in scientific labs to record data and color thermal printers are also used to produce high-quality color artwork and text.,What is Output?,Audio-output devices, like speakers and headphones, are connecte
10、d to the sound card in the system unit (See Figure 8-5). The sound card captures and plays back recorded sounds. Many devices combine input and output devices, either to save space or for specialized applications. Common combination devices available are fax machines, multifunction devices, Internet
11、 telephones and terminals (See Figure 8-6). Internet telephones are telephones achieving communication through the Internet rather than telephone lines. * Terminals are input and output combinations used to connect the user to a mainframe computer called a host computer or a server.,What is Output?,
12、Notes: “Terminals are input and output combinations used to connect the user to a mainframe computer called a host computer or server.” 本句，“used toa server”为动词过去分词词组作“combinations”的后置定语，其中“connectto”意为：将与连接，“called a host computer or server”是动词过去分词词组作“mainframe computer”的后置定语。本句意为：终端是输入输出集成设备，用于连接用户
13、和大型主机或服务器。,What is Output?,Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item by drawing a line between matching items. 1output 2hard disk3head crash4floppy disk5online storage6read-only7compact disc8clarityaFree or low-cost storage available at special service Web sites. bIndicate
14、d by resolution and measured in pixels.cProcessed data or information from a computer.dAlso known as a diskette.eEnclosed disk drive that contains one or more metallic disks.fHappens when the read-write heads contact the surface of a hard disk.gWidely used optical disk format.hCannot be written on o
15、r erased by the user. Translate the following statements. 1输出设备能使计算机与用户进行通信。 2通过将输出传送给打印机，就可获得一个长久的复制。 3没有数据，也就没有什么可处理的东西了。 4计算机并不限于显示字符，也有可能输出图形。 5计算机的输出来自主存储器。 6图形的质量或分别率是像素数目的函数。,What is Output?,Grammar Focus：状语从句 状语从句：状语从句在复合句中起状语作用，修饰主句中动词、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当成分。 时间状语从句：常用来引导时间状语从句的从属
16、连词有 When（当的时候），whenever（每当），after（在之后），before（在之前），as（当；一边一边），as soon as （一九），while（在期间），till/until（直到），since（自从），once（曾经）等等 地点状语从句：常用的连接词有 Where （在地方；那里），wherever（无论哪里）等等 原因状语从句： Because （因为），since（既然），as（由于），now that（即使）等等 条件状语从句：引起条件状语从句的连词有 If（如果），unless（除非），once （一旦），as/so long as （只要）等等,What is Output?,目的状语从句：引起目的状语从句的连词有 so that （以便）in order that （以便）等 结果状语从句：引起结果状语从句的连词有
