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1、第五章 翻译技巧2,词类转译法 Conversion,在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。 1. 转译为动词(n./adj./prep./adv./conj.v.) 2. 转译为名词(v./adj./adv.-n.) 3. 转译为形容词(adv./n.-adj.) 4. 转译为副词(n./adj.-adv.),转译为动词 1. 名词转译为动词 一些习语中的主体名词可以转译成动词 由动词派生出来的名词可转译成动词 含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词 由动词
2、+er构成的名词可转译成动词 2. 介词转译成动词 3. 形容词转译成动词 4. 连词转译成动词 5. 副词转译成动词,A) 一些习语中的主体名词可以转成动词 这类习语有： have a rest go for a walk catch a look pay attention to have an effect on by means of 依靠 with a view of以为目的 make a claim to 认为是属于自己的,1. 名词转译为动词,1. We wouldnt have any idea when the boy was born. 我们 不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生
3、的。 2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can. 我不但原谅你对我的不忠实，还要尽力为你效劳。 3. As the man leaned over, the driver caught his first good look at the small cat-like face. 那个人弯下腰来， 司机才第一次看清那张小小的猫儿脸。,B)由动词派生出来的名词可转译成动词,1.The government called for the establishment o
4、f more schools. 政府号召建立更多的学校。 2.There has been a tremendous expansion of kindergartens in both towns and villages. 城市和农村的幼儿园都在大量扩展。 3.The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 新形势要求制定新战略。 4.Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地
5、损坏视力。,C) 含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词 1.Vietnam War was a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。 （drain n. 排水，下水道 v. 耗尽, 喝光） 2.In fact, the abuse of drugs has become one of Americas most serious social problems. 事实上，滥用毒品已经成为美国最为严重的社会问题之一。 （abuse n. v. 滥用） 3.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me w
6、ith special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。,D) 由动词+er构成的名词可转译成动词,1.His father is a non-smoker, but he is a chain-smoker. 他父亲根本不抽烟，他抽起烟来却一根接一根。 2.I am an amateur actor. He is a better player than I . 我是个业余演员，他演得比我好。 3.Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong
7、 doings. 在和儿子谈话时， 老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。,翻译练习：名词动词 After the accomplishment of the present task, there will follow a more arduous one. 2) His weariness determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 3) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 4) He urg
8、ed upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.,4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. 5) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington M
9、onument and the Lincoln Memorial. 6) A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained here. 7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.,7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 8) I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 9) She h
10、ad high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness.,翻译练习：名词动词 1) After the accomplishment of the present task, there will follow a more arduous one. 完成目前任务后，还有更艰巨的任务。 2) His weariness determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他感到疲惫，因此下决心，一遇到就近的荫凉处就坐下来休息。 3) I
11、 am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感激父亲，因为在我小时候他总是不断地鼓励我 。,4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. 他告诫全国人民，必须坚持参加政治论战。 5) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic
12、 view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂的全景。 6) A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained here. 在这儿可以看到富士山。,7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 每天早上她都要到湖区去散步。 8) I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better
13、teacher than I. 恐怕我教不了你游泳，我弟弟教得比我好。 9) She had high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness. 她高度赞扬了西格潘医生，但抱怨他过于严格,2. 介词转译成动词 1. He went to the shop for a bottle of wine. 他去小店买了一瓶酒。 2. At noon, she came home for lunch. 中午，她回家吃午饭。 3. He came to my home for help. 他来到我家, 请求帮助
14、。 4. He came to me with a luggage. 他拿着行李向我走来。 5. Im all for your opinion. 我完全赞成你的意见。,6. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building. 他们沿着大街走去，经过一家家店铺，穿过一个宽阔的广场，然后走进一幢大楼。,1. It was a very informative meeting. 会上透露了很多信息。 2. The manager is grateful to t
15、he customers for their valuable suggestions. 经理感谢顾客们提出的宝贵意见。 3. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves. 一旦它们的幼仔能够自己照料自己，它们就不管了。,3. 形容词可以转译成动词,1)He is too ignorant of the ways of the world. 他太不懂世道常情了。 2)We are hopeful of success in this experiment.
16、我们希望这个实验能成功。 3)This house is unheated and unfurnished. 这座房子没有暖气设备，也没有任何家具。,4. 连词转译成动词,1.They will return in 60 days or two months. 他们60天后， 也就是2个月后回来。 2.Winter is the fourth and last season in a year. 冬季是一年中第四个也是最后一个季节。 3.The distance is four kilometers or 2.4856 miles. 距离是4公里，折合（即）2.4856里。,5. 副词转译成动词,1. Our holiday is three weeks away. 离我们的假期还有3个星期。 2. When will your mother be back? 你妈妈什么时候回来？ 3. The boy told me that his father was out. 那个男孩告诉我他的父亲出去了。 4.
