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1、英语课件,牛津版 高二 模块八 Unit 1,Unit 1 The written word Grammar and usage,Negative words and negative statements,Look at the following sentences, Are these sentences true? If not, how to correct them?,Money can buy happiness.,Money can not buy happiness.,Shanghai is not the capital city of China. Beijing is
2、the capital city of China.,Shanghai is the capital city of China.,Read the guidelines and answer.,1. Why are negative statements used? 2. What are the most commonly used negative words?,To correct a mistaken idea.,The most commonly used negative words are no, not, never, and neither.,3. What are the
3、 kinds of negative statements?,(1) auxiliary verb + not,(2) not paired with other words,(3) other expressions: hardly, far from, seldom, unless, would ratherthan,(4)using no, neither, none or nothing to from complete negation (5) partial negation: words like all, both, everyone and everything are us
4、ed in negative sentences,You might not (mightnt) have been written last week.,Conclusion 1:,1) auxiliary verb + not Its the simplest kind and basic form of negative statements, in which not or nt usually comes after the auxiliary verb.,观察下面的例子，总结否定陈述的构成：,Its not uncommon to find her reading the news
5、paper.,i.e.,(Its quite common to find her reading the newspaper.),Conclusion 2:,2) not paired with other words,When used before a word with a negative prefix (e.g. un-, dis-, or in-), the meaning becomes positive, though not as strong as a direct positive statement.,Tip：,A negative statement may som
6、etimes have a positive meaning.,e.g. He didnt leave anything to his son but a big library of books. Students are not discouraged to discuss things with their classmates.,Your actions were not inexcusable, but they were certainly not appropriate. i.e. Your actions were excusable, but certainly not ap
7、propriate. It is not uncommon for him to be late.,Not many people heard the speech. i.e. Very few people heard the speech.,When not used before a phrase of time, distance or a noun phrase including quantities, it serves to emphasize the negative meaning of the phrase.,Conclusion 3:,More examples:,1.
8、 It is not a long distance from the city centre to the new railway station. 2. It will not be long before most people around the world know how to use the computer. 3. There were not many people present at the meeting.,I wonder whether/ if I shouldnt bring it. i.e. I wonder whether/ if I should brin
9、g it.,I wouldnt be surprised if they didnt move soon. i.e. I wouldnt be surprised if they moved soon.,3) extra negative in if-clauses Sometimes we use negative expressions with the words whether and if to show our doubt about a situation. These are more casual and are usually used in spoken English.
10、,Conclusion 4:,Tip:,1. “I wonder whether/ if ”is used when considering something, concerning oneself.,2. “I wouldnt be surprised if” is used when considering something, concerning people other than oneself.,More examples:,1. I wonder whether/ if I shouldnt get a haircut. 2. I wonder whether/ if I sh
11、ouldnt buy a new suit.,Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. The classics are far from disappearing. Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say. Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end. Joe would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.,Conclusion 5:,4) U
12、sing some negative words and expressions.,Some common negative expressions are: hardly, far from, seldom, unless, free from, and would rather than.,More examples:,The fortune sets him free from financial worries. 2. You will not catch the early bus unless you leave right now.,5) When words like all,
13、 both, everyone and everything are used in negative sentences, they form partial negation.,Conclusion 6:,All that you find on the Internet is not useful. I didnt take everything with me.,More examples:,总结： 陈述句的否定形式主要有以下几种形式： 1. not加在情态动词、be动词等的后面 e.g. She could not answer the question. She is not a
14、teacher.,2. 若谓语动词是行为动词，前面又没有 助动词或情态动词，需在谓语动词之前加上助动词再加否定词not。 e.g. She doesnt want to go to the park. I havent finished my homework.,3. 用带有否定意义的词来表示否定。 这类词有：no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never, hardly, little, few, seldom, barely, dislike, disagree, useless, unimportant, out of ., far
15、from., too . to 等。,e.g. No one is in the room. He never tell lies. He is anything but a writer. This is a sentence free from mistakes. He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed.,另外要注意以下几种特殊情况： 1. 否定前移。这类词有 think, believe, expect等 e.g. I dont think he has time to play with me. I dont believe he
16、is right. 2. 部分否定和完全否定。 表示部分否定常见的有: not both，not all，not each / every等。,e.g. Not both of the students are right. 表示完全否定常见的有：neither, none, no等。 e.g. Neither of them is right. No boy is absent.,Read the book report in part A and circle any negative statements used in this report. For example: 1. , experiences a childhood without any parents. 2. ,Read the sentences in part B and complete them using the given words. Change the form where necessary.,not uncommon
